Cultural Intelligence Individual Interactions Across Cultures/Working

Question: Describe about the Cultural Intelligence, Individual Interactions Across Cultures/Working Across Cultures? Answer: Introduction Corporate strategy is determined on the basis of the current business environment. Reviewing wide range of literature I have found that over the last twenty years, globalization and evolution in information and communication technology have led to significant changes in the global business environment, business model and practices. In this paper, I would like to discuss how the global business has changed due to globalization (Gupta, 2013). Additionally, the change has notable implication for the managers of the multinational companies. Managing people and business activities in cross cultural environment poses various challenges to the management. In this paper I will also focus on discussing how the managers will adapt the changed global business for becoming successful. The managers need to have clear insight regarding different cultures for dealing with the diverse work force as well as addressing the need of different foreign markets having distinct cultural background (Filippet ti, 2011). Moreover, Hofstede, Trompennars and Global models have been discussed in this paper in order to substantiate my arguments. Change in Global Business The business environment across the globe has confronted rapid change in the past twenty years. The wave of globalization has accelerated development of a complicated, interdependent and dynamic business environment. Various companies from different part of the world have focused on integrating their business activities in the international market for maximizing the value of the firm. On the other hand, several nations have concentrated on attracting foreign investment in order to boost up their economy (Filippetti, 2011). Over the last few years the emerging economies of Asia have encountered significant growth due to globalization. It has facilitated increase in number of the multi-national organizations across the world. The business organizations have been facing and challenges as well as ample opportunities for exploring the international market. The organizational activities and management practices have changed due to integration of the business in foreign markets. It has beco me essential to consider the environmental forces of the foreign market for achieving success (Gupta, 2013). The global business management has been encountering major issues relating to the market analysis, adoption of appropriate business strategy, existing political and legislative framework, cultural issues etc (Shah and Sankar R.N., 2014). Presently business firms are focusing on gaining competitive advantages. Globalization has demonstrated that the locus of the demographic and economic power has started to shift from the developed countries to the emerging nations. Technological advancement has provided unrestricted access to global knowledge and developed a global consumer environment. Enhanced technological connectivity, online mobility, easy transaction on mobile devices has facilitated the new model of customer engagement. The organizations are focusing on establishing digital strategies. Globalization has developed an international marketplace which led to change in the business model (Harris, 2006). In order to achieve competitive advantage in the international market business organizations have been focusing on the constant innovation and aligning the organizational model for maximizing cross geographic synergies. Adaption of New Environment by Managers Business organizations encounter different issues in the new environment relating to the risk management, compliance with legal framework and ethical standards etc. In order to achieve competitive advantage it is essential to analyze the customer profile or the target market. It is evident that culture is one of the most significant aspects for analyzing the consumer behavior and orientation. Hence, it becomes essential for the managers to understand the cultural background of the consumers in order to influence their purchasing behavior. On the other hand, it is very important to manage the diverse work force for maximizing the benefits of cross cultural team. In the new business environment, the manager will deal with the workforce belonging to different cultures. Hence, conflict is a natural part of the cross cultural organizational team (van der Aalsvoort et al., 2013). It is essential for the managers to enhance knowledge regarding different cultures. Enhanced cultural quotient will help in managing conflict, effective negotiation and developing a positive work environment for improving the performance level (Bhagat, 2006). Theorists have developed models which help in understanding the cultural dimension in case of cross cultural communication in business organization. Hofstedes Model of Cultural Dimension Hofstede has developed a model for defining five major dimensions of a culture which must be considered by the managers while working in cross cultural business environment. Studies had been conducted by Hofstede in different organizations across the world. Power Distance is the first dimension which indicates the extent to which the subordinates or the less powerful employees accept the fact that power will be distributed unequally in an organization. In simple terms high power distance index indicates strong presence of hierarchy in the society as well as organization (Shi and Wang, 2011). In this culture the subordinates will accept the decision of higher authority without asking for justification. Second dimensions are individualism and it represents the degree to which an individual is integrated into team. It has an important implication for the business organization as the collectivist societies are found to be efficient group members and has a positive impact on the organizat ional performance. Uncertainty avoidance index is the third dimension which focuses on measuring the tolerance level of the particular society relating to uncertainty. High level of uncertainty avoidance index implies that the people are emotional and try to minimize the risk in the process (Yeganeh and Su, 2007). Masculinity vs. femininity is the fourth dimension which helps in distributing the emotional roles between different genders. In case of the masculine culture, the values are ambition, competitiveness, power, materialism and assertiveness (Tang and Koveos, 2008). On the other hand, feminine culture places greater value on the quality of life and relationship. Long term orientation is the last dimension and it focuses on analyzing whether the society poses more importance to the future. It has been found that the societies which are long term oriented foster pragmatic values which are oriented to the future such as consistency, ability to adapt and saving etc. These dimensi ons change across regions and nations (Tung and Verbeke, 2010). Trompennars Model of Cultural Dimension Trompennars had identified seven important dimensions of cultural differences. First dimension is universalism versus particularism which measures the importance of values and rules in that particular society. Second dimension is individualism versus communitarianism which determines how much importance is given to an individual and group. Third dimension is specific versus diffuse and it estimates how far people get involve. Fourth dimension of Trompennars model analyzes how people express their emotion. Fifth dimension of this model is very important as it helps in understanding how people views status in a particular culture. Sixth dimension of this model is sequential time versus synchronous time for analyzing how people manage time (Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, 2004). In some society people like the events to occur in order and higher importance is given to the punctuality. On the other hand, synchronous time indicate that people will consider several work at a time. Last dim ension of Trompennars model is internal direction versus outer direction and it helps in understanding how people react to the environment. GLOBE Model GLOBE model is an important model for managing the cross cultural workforce. It has been found that this model significantly helps in exploring the complex impacts of culture of competitive advantage, organizational effectiveness and leadership. GLOBE model can be tagged as the modified Hofstedes model. This model has included five cultural dimensions of Hofstedes model and added four dimensions. Assertiveness is one of the important cultural dimensions of this model which seeks to explore the degree of assertiveness among the individuals in a society (Orpen, 2003). Future orientation is another dimension which is associated with understanding the degree the society is involved in planning future, investing etc. Performance orientation dimension of culture estimates rewards received by individuals for improving performance. Last dimension is the human orientation which is associated with estimation of the extent to which individuals are rewarded for being kind, friendly, and altruist ic and fair (McCrae et al., 2008). Recommendation Analyzing the change in global business environment and increase in international business integration I can recommend that it is very important for the managers to enhance their cultural quotient for dealing with the cross cultural workforce successfully. It is recommended that the managers must consider different cultural dimensions identified by the Hofstedes model, Trompennars model and GLOBE model (Westney, 2011). Conclusion In the above sections, I have focused on discussing the change in global business and its reason. I have identified that globalization have encouraged the business organizations in exploring international markets which led to diverse workforce. It is important for the managers to adapt the changes in global business by enhancing the cultural quotient or knowledge regarding different cultural backgrounds. Considering the cultural dimensions recognized by the Hofstedes model, Trompennars model and GLOBE model, the managers can understand different culture and make effective communication and negotiation in order to maximize the cross cultural synergies. References Bhagat, R. (2006). Cultural Intelligence: Individual Interactions Across Cultures/Working Across Cultures.Academy of Management Review, 31(2), pp.489-493. Filippetti, A. (2011). The Global Environment of Business.Global Policy, 2(3), pp.354-354. Gupta, A. (2013). International Business Environment: Challenges and Changes.Research Journal of Management Sciences, 2(11), pp.34-38. Harris, P. (2006). Managing the Knowledge Culture: A Guide for Human Resource Professionals and Managers on the Twenty-first Century Workplace.Hum Res Mgt Intl Digest, 14(1). McCrae, R., Terracciano, A., Realo, A. and Allik, J. (2008). Interpreting GLOBE Societal Practices Scales.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39(6), pp.805-810. Orpen, C. (2003). Teaching students to manage cross culturally.Cross Cultural Management, 10(3), pp.80-86. Shah, S. and Sankar R.N., A. (2014). Human resource management in the changing business environment of the Indian construction industry: a case study.Em Mkts Case Studies, 3(6), pp.1-17. Shi, X. and Wang, J. (2011). Interpreting Hofstede Model and GLOBE Model: Which Way to Go for Cross-Cultural Research?.IJBM, 6(5). Tang, L. and Koveos, P. (2008). A framework to update Hofstede's cultural value indices: economic dynamics and institutional stability.J Int Bus Stud, 39(6), pp.1045-1063. Trompenaars, A. and Hampden-Turner, C. (2004).Managing people across cultures. Oxford: Capstone. Tung, R. and Verbeke, A. (2010). Beyond Hofstede and GLOBE: Improving the quality of cross-cultural research.J Int Bus Stud, 41(8), pp.1259-1274. van der Aalsvoort, G., Lepola, J., Overtoom, L. and Laitinen, S. (2013). Motivation of young students: a cross-cultural evaluation of a model for motivational orientations.Research Papers in Education, 30(1), pp.114-131. Westney, D. (2011). Global strategy and global business environment: changing models of the global business environment.Global Strategy Journal, 1(3-4), pp.377-381. Yeganeh, H. and Su, Z. (2007). Comprehending core cultural orientations of Iranian managers.Cross Cultural Management, 14(4), pp.336-353.

The Argument About Samples of a College Admission Essay

The Argument About Samples of a College Admission Essay Ruthless Samples of a College Admission Essay Strategies Exploited Clearly, such coaching isn't accesible for everybody. If you're beginning to feel frustrated or overwhelmed by your essay, take a rest and do something different. Unique things to various individuals, since the situation demanded. Following your initial draft is finished, allow it to sit for no less than a day. The Importance of Samples of a College Admission Essay There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. As a consequence, spending money to deal with your essays could possibly be challenging. Certainly the perfect place to get started trying to find information about the assorted universities which now offer you medical training is online. 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For a beginning, the typical application essay topics need you to use language that's totally free from language flaws and grammatical mistakes. Samples of a College Admission Essay You may choose to re-think that. Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to have a category of students to Belgium so as to study the EU. Personal Achievements Colleges are seeking students who have achieved in some region of their lives.

Research Paper Topics on Occupational Therapy

Research Paper Topics on Occupational TherapyOccupational therapy research is important to help with the development of the field and to help researchers come up with more effective methods to help patients. Occupational therapists use many different methods to help patients with disabilities that interfere with their daily life. If you are interested in learning more about research you can do to help people like yourself and your fellow workers, you can look into the following topics on occupational therapy research.The first topic that you should look into is how the disability affects an individual. People with disabilities can have a number of different ways in which they get their disabilities. They may not even realize that their disabilities affect them physically. When they find out that their disabilities are affecting them in some way, it may be too late for the treatments to work.People who are disabled are often very much affected by their physical limitation. It is very important to make sure that the treatment plans that are used by the occupational therapist are the right ones for the person's needs. If the methods used are not the right ones, it could cause the patient to become more irritable and have a harder time with daily activities.One of the topics that can be quite interesting when researching occupational therapy is how the occupational therapist works with the patient. Patients can feel a lot of stress when it comes to their daily life. Some of the problems that patients have with their daily lives can include day to day tasks like running errands, managing children, and keeping household chores in order. There are also plenty of issues that come from the life of the patient that can impact their abilities and their overall quality of life.It is very important for people to realize that there are plenty of things that can cause stress and that their ability to stay mentally healthy is important. Many patients will need a little bit of therapy just to make sure that they are able to function without falling apart at the seams. With this being said, a patient may also need some assistance in their daily life just to get through each day.It is very important to remember that when studying about occupational therapy that the patient is given enough freedom and support to be able to take care of themselves. It is not always easy for a patient to take care of themselves but it is important that the patient understands that they should do so. Some of the other important things that a patient needs when it comes to helping them handle daily tasks is a fair amount of patience and understanding.One of the best research paper topics on occupational therapy involves the different methods that a patient is able to use to help them cope with their disabilities. The patient is able to use a variety of tools and methods to get through the day, but sometimes it can be difficult to know where to start. In order to make sure that t hey are able to manage their daily lives, the occupational therapist will usually help the patient find tools that can help them cope with their disability.When studying the topics on occupational therapy that are mentioned above it is important that the patient understand that they should seek help for their disability if they are having trouble handling their daily lives. It is important to know that they can trust their therapist and that they will be given the tools that they need in order to work through their day. These are the topics that should be discussed in the research paper topics on occupational therapy.

Writing Essay Cpa: No Longer a Mystery

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Sample How to Essay For Grade - Discover How to Write a Good Essay

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art reflection Essay

art reflection Essay art reflection Essay My assignment was to get five sketches of an animal of my choice from a magazine onto my sketch book. Then after that I had to get the sketches and show them to Mrs. Premo to get her approval. Once she gave me the okay she gave me tracing paper and I traced the sketches into a collage. After we have done that we go to the light tables to trace once more onto the final project paper. Then we go over that with pen and add the details to the final product. I ended up with at least three of our sketches on the final product in pen with shading and value and perception. Some new knowledge that I learned before starting the project was how to properly use a pen when shading. Mrs. Premo showed us how to use stippling, hatching, and cross hatching. That really helped me during my project because otherwise I would have not known how to shade. One way I planned my project was by drawing sketches in my sketch book and then I chose which drawing I would continue drawing. The media that I used wa s pen because that’s what our unit was about. I use many rough drafts before begging because if not then I would have most likely messed up on the hatching that I did. The first thing that I did to make this project was to first get five sketches of an animal from a magazine onto my sketch book. Then after that I had to get the sketches and show them to Mrs. Premo to get her approval. Once she gave her okay she gave me tracing paper and I traced the sketches into a collage. After I got done with that we go to the light tables to trace once more onto the final project paper. Then we go over that with pen and add the details to the final product. One part of the assignment that was hard was to choose an animal to draw because there was so many but that wasn’t the biggest problem it was trying to get the fur right because I did a cheetah. One thing I would change

Late Adulthood and Death Paper Essays

Late Adulthood and Death Paper Essays Late Adulthood and Death Paper Paper Late Adulthood and Death Paper Paper Analyzing late adulthood and the death of an individual as a culmination of the life span development process one must understand late adulthood consists of. This paper will give a brief overview of ageism and stereotypes associate with late adulthood. This will explain how health and wellness techniques in the late adulthood stages can mitigate the negative effects of aging. As people age the social views and experiences changes in relationships and interactions with individuals, as he or she nears end of life. When closely approaching the end of life, a person has cultural and personal attitudes about death and dignity in late adulthood. Ageism and Stereotypes When examining ageism and stereotypes associated with late adulthood defines as ones prejudice or discrimination that occurs on the basis of age. When thinking about ageism one must look at the disengagement theory (Cumming Henry, 1961) that proposes that adults voluntarily reduce the contact with society rather than experiencing exclusion later and the disappointment not chosen. Other ageism statements say that older people forced involuntarily to give up participation with society. The disengagement theory justifies withdrawal from social institutions. Stereotyping defines as one making comments to someone saying that a certain age does a task that way. Stereotypes toward old people are cruel and unethical because one-day he or she will be in the same situation. Some stereotypes include older people show depression and loneliness, all old people look the same, old adults look sick, frail, and dependent, last older adults act cognitively and psychologically impaired. People who make stereotypical comments do this to build one’s own self confidence. If one researched all the data about the stereotypical comments one would see the comments made are not as accurate as he or she believes. Everyone deserves to be respected, especially as one ages. Health and Wellness Aging is inevitable, a fact that cannot be ignored. The aging process in late adulthood is called senescence. People cannot stop the effects of aging but there are alternatives that can help ease the process. These measures are not always followed because people make poor life choices such as smoking. Aging adults will even spend millions of dollars trying to slow the process of aging. No matter how much money they spend aging will occur. Most aging adults do not receive the necessary preventive services to help promote health and wellness during this stage of life. These preventive services include vaccinations and screenings. These important services help detect many diseases, delay their onset, or identify them early in their most treatable stages to ensure healthier, longer, and more productive lives for older adults (Prevention, 2011). Better people take care of themselves the longer they will live. People who balance: the right diet, making better choices and not acting sedentary has a better chance in living longer lives. With the advances in medical care, better health practices, improved nutrition, and other factors help people live longer. As long as older adults are following the correct measures, they can help counter the effects of aging because this stage here most people retire, they need to stay active and keep eating healthy foods. By not living actively can lead to his or her body shutting down, and may also lead to an early death. Many programs are available that older adults can join to help keep them on track. Aging adults can also receive information from their doctors and pamphlets from clinics that will give them a guideline to follow to age gracefully. Importance of Relationships and Social Interactions Humans are social animals, dependent on one another for survival and drawn to one another for joy, (University of Phoenix, 2010). Studies show that married older people are healthier, wealthier, and happier than unmarried people and their spouse’s support can help extend their lives. The importance for older adults to have a partner helps because they can depend on each other for help, and they can also help each partner in an area that they are experiencing trouble with because of age. Older adults experience capabilities of being able to have an even give and take relationship and give mutual respect in the relationship. * Older adults who have no partner should have social interactions daily as it has proven emotionally healthier than to be alone. Also older married adults must adjust to their interactions with his or her spouse because they will be together much more when they retire. This constant interaction can lead to disputes but has shown that older adults in a close marital relationship have been proven less depressed and less eager about disabilities that may present themselves because of age. * The importance of companionship in older adults, the average married woman will experience four to ten years of widowhood. The average man will experience none. The first two years can be especially difficult for the widow, but studies show that women come to enjoy the newfound independence and few seek new companionship. For widowers it is not the same, widowers have fewer friends and receive less support from the family. Those widowers try to interact to find new companionship. * Cultural and Personal Attitudes The aging process and developmental stages come to the end once a human being is deceased. A normal life cycle will have its last developmental and cognitive stage in late adulthood. This is a period is defined by the individual’s death. The cognitive learning and development in late adulthood shares some traits with the early stages of life. In this final stage the individual is seeking relationships with his close family and will create dependency on the family members. These dependencies are in all areas of human life. The cognitive and physical abilities of a person experiencing late adulthood are decreasing. Cultural factors play important roles in the lives of the elders. Different cultures will dictate the way that the older person will be taken care of financially, emotionally, social, and in all the remaining areas. Different cultures will have different approaches to this final stage; usually the children will adopt a more active role in their parent’s life. In this transition process that occurs in the late adulthood is a dynamic shift in responsibilities and roles. The elders will not be responsible for their children’s; the children will be responsible for their parents. This has a clear decrease in the analytical abilities. The cultural influence in the upbringing will determine if the alders will be on assisted living facility or will be solely responsibility of by family members. During this stage cognitive development is influenced by the mortality and their legacy. This stage the individual will realize his mortality and most cases assume a role of an amicable person than an authoritarian figure. The spouse also plays an important role on the individual quality of life. All the persons surrounding an individual in late adulthood will focus in providing a good quality of life, a safe environment, and a honest relation. Like in the early stages of life the family component is one of the driving entities in this stage. Family and close friend will have a direct impact in the quality of the individual. Once the individual’s need get more complicated the family will decide to take the person to a nursing home because the medical need cannot be meet by the family. The late adulthood is a stage very complex and full of different experiences. This transition stage allows the relinquishing of responsibilities to family members and in many instances they will seek the oldest knowledge. This stage should be used to resolve and organize the individual’s state. Ensuring that everything is taking resolved will provide a sense of accomplishment and serenity. At that time the main focus should be ensuring the quality of life remaining. Different cultures have different approaches to the wellbeing of the older adults; all have the same goal, to obtain and maintain the highest quality of life for the older. This is also complemented by the medical advantages available. Hospice care and pain management are some important tools available for the families to ensure dignity in this stage of life; that many consider a beginning, not the end. References Berger, K. S. (2010). Invitation to the Life Span, 1e. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Todd D. Nelson, (2004). Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Older Persons. : Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Prevention, C. f. (2011, March 14). Clinical Preventive Services for Older Adults. Retrieved July 17, 2011, from CDC: cdc. gov/features/PreventiveServices/