Components in Milk and Isolation of Milk Protein (Casein)

Components in Milk and Isolation of Milk Protein (Casein) Contents 1.1Â  Introduction 1.2Â  Objective 1.3Â  Materials used 1.4Â  Methodology 1.5Â  Result 1.6Â  Discussion 1.7Â  Conclution Referance 1.1Introduction Milk is a complex biological fluid with high amount of proteins, lipid and minerals. Milk plays a major role in a healthy, balanced diet throughout lifetime. Milk having Proteins, Vitamins, carbohydrates and other minerals.Caseins, lactalbumins, and lactoglobulins are some proteins in milk. Milk from domesticated ruminants, primarily cow, sheep, goat, camel and buffalo, are major sources of dietary calcium and, in countries where commercially available milk is fortified, of dietary vitamin D (Clemens et al., 2014). Casein is a sort of protein found in dairy items, for example, milk, yogurt, chocolate, ice-cream and foods. Casein protein, whether it originates from sustenance or from a supplement, could be a valuable addition to diet with a few benefits. Casin helps to digest food fast ,it can take 7h to digest (Samuels, 2014) Milk holds 3.3% total protein. Milk proteins hold each of the 9 essencial amino acids needed by humans. Milk proteins are blended in the mammary organ, however 60% of the amino acids used to manufacture the proteins are from the cows eating diet. (Milkfacts.info, 2014) The total protein part of milk is made out of various particular proteins. The essential gathering of milk protein is casein. the distinctive caseins are different atoms but are comparable in structure. All different proteins are found in milk. (Walter and Hurley, 2014) Caseins got proper amino acid composition that is critical for development and improvement of the nursing youngs. (Walter and Hurley, 2014) A protein is an unbranched polymer in which the monomer units are amino acids. All the more particularly a protein is a peptide less than 50 amino acids are available. Proteins arranged into two: fibrous and globular.fibrous proteins are proteins which peptide chains are organized in long strands or sheets. Globular proteins will be proteins that have a tendency to overlap again on themselves into compact spheroidal shaped. Globular proteins dont form inter molecular between protein units and are all the more effectively solubalized in water . Because that they hold all the amino acids key for building blood and tissue, and can manage life and normal growth . Milk holds three proteins that are caseins, lactalbumins, and lactoglobulins (spurlock,2014) 1.2 Objective To Understand and isolation the components which are present in milk and isolation of milk protein (Casein). 1.3 Materials used Albumin solution Solid ammonium sulphate Ethanol Sulphur salicylic acid Trichloroacetic acid Lead acetate solution 1% Acetic acid Milk powder Filter cloth Ether Test tubes Beakers Funnel Bunsen burner Test tube holder Electric balance Watch glass 1.4 Methodology Protein precipitation Precipitation by salt Half saturation with ammonium sulphate To 3ml of albumin added equal volume of ammonium sulphate solution. Mixed and allowed to standed for 5min. filtered and performed the Biuret test with the filtrate Full saturation with ammonium sulphate To 3ml of albumin added solid ammonium sulphate with mixed until the solution is saturated and stand for 5min. filtered and performed the Biuret test with the filtrate. Isoelectric precipitation To 3ml of casein added 3 drops of bromocresol green indicator. Added 1% acetic acid drop by until a green color is obtained which indicates that the pH is closed to4.6 Precipitation by organic solvents To 2ml of albumin was added with 4ml of ethanol. Mixed and let it stand. And observed the reaction Precipitation by acidic agents Albumin 1ml was added an equal volume of picric acid solution. Observed the3 formation of thick precipitate. repeated the test with trichloroacetic acid and sulphosalicylic acid. Precipitation by heavy metal ions To 1ml of albumin, added to 10 drops of lead acetate solution. Observed the formation of precipitate. Repeated the test with lead nitrate solution Precipitation of heat and Acid Took 10ml of albumin to the test tube, hold the test tube over a flame in slant position and boiled the upper part of the solution .A cloudy white precipitate will be observed in the heated portion. Added a few drops of 1% acetic acid . coagulation was take place and albumin is precipitated. Isolation of casein from milk Milk powder of 17.5g was taken into a beaker. 62.5ml of warmed water at 450C was boiled by using Bunsen burner and added into the beaker which is containing milk powder. The milk powder was well stirred. 10% of acetic acid was added drop wise into milk powder solution and stirred well until the solution changes from milky to pale yellow. Then the solution was filleted well and taken into a beaker, and 15ml of ethanol was added to the filtered casein, it was kept for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes the casein with ethanol was filtered and dried well by using filter paper and tissue papers. The well dried casein was weighted and weight was recorded 1.5 Results Test Observation Inference Ppt by Heat/acid When heating there was a ppt form after adding acetic acid the ppt diffused. There fore these methods can be used for the ppt protein Ppt by heavy metal ions White ppt was formed when lead nintrate was added By the addition of heavy metals protein can be ppt Ppt by acidic agents A thick ppt was formed Positive,there fore via this method protein can be ppt Ppt by organic solvents White ppt was formed Positive, then using organic solvent protein can be ppt Full saturation with NH4SO4 White ppt formed 1.6 Discussion The casein isolation, Kept temperature 45 degrees for avoid excess heat and dilute acetic acid was added as drop by drop. It is important that the heating not be excessive because this conditions hydrolyze the lactose into its components, glucose and galactose before its isolation Adding of Calcium carbonate to the original beaker containing the liquid, neutralized the excess acetic acid and precipitated the initially soluble protein, albumin. This step ensures the liquid contains only the lactose and albumin was poured away from the lactose(Chemistry.mcmaster.ca, 2014) Casein is not properly dry All of the calculations were done 1.7 Conclution Obtained casein after isolation; 12.25g %yield = (12.25/17)x100 = 72% Caseins have an appropriate amino composition, it’s important for the growth of young.This protein in dairy animals.so many pepole allergic to milk, but trully they allergic to the components that milk contains: the casein and the lactose. Evacuation of these items especially the casein permits people with hypersensitivities to endure milk. The information is totally useful for peoples who can`t eat immoderately milk (Leonce, 2014) References Chemistry.mcmaster, (2014) Chem2O06 1997/98 Experiment 11.[Online]. 2014. Available at: http://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/~chem2o6/labmanual/expt11/2o6exp11.html. (Accessed: 15 July 2014). Clemens, R., Hernell, O, and Michaelsen, K. (2014) Milk and Milk Products in Human Nutrition.[Online]. 2014. Nestlenutrition-institute.org. Available at: http://www.nestlenutrition-institute.org/Resources/Library/Free/workshop/BookNNIW67/Pages/booknniw67.aspx. (Accessed: 14 July 2014). Leonce, D. (2014) Biochemistry Practicals.[Online]. 2014. Academia.edu. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/3491493/Biochemistry_Practicals. (Accessed: 15 July 2014). Milkfacts.info, (2014) Milk Protein | MilkFacts.info.[Online]. 2014. Available at: http://www.milkfacts.info/Milk Composition/Protein.htm. (Accessed: 14 July 2014). Samuels, M. (2014) Casein Protein Benefits | LIVESTRONG.COM.[Online]. 2014. LIVESTRONG.COM. Available at: http://www.livestrong.com/article/86604-casein-protein-benefits/. (Accessed: 14 July 2014). Spurlock, d. (2014) Isolation and Identification of Casein From Milk Course Notes. [Online]. 2014. Homepages.ius.edu. Available at: http://homepages.ius.edu/dspurloc/c122/casein.htm. (Accessed: 14 July 2014). Walter, L. and Hurley, (2014) Milk Composition Proteins. [Online]. 2014. Ansci.illinois.edu. Available at: http://ansci.illinois.edu/static/ansc438/Milkcompsynth/milkcomp_protein.html. (Accessed: 14 July 2014). Qualification Higher National Diploma in Biotechnology Level 05 Module Name Protein precipitation and casein from milk Module Number 2 Name of Candidate S.Mayurathan Submission Date 15 July 2014 Word Count 1056

Coleus :: essays research papers

Coleus and Terrariums   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coleus is a very beautiful plant that consists of over 150 different species. It is best known for its colorful foliage. Coleus can grow well in any soil above 55 degrees Fahrenheit. The pretty plant can grow in terrariums. Terrariums are â€Å"gardens under glass† which means that they are jars or glass boxes that can be filled with soil and other things that plants need to grow. They don’t have to be watered so once they are finished, all there is to do is to sit and look at the plant. Will coleus grow faster in a large, small, or medium sized terrarium? Coleus blumei   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coleus plants are durable and easy to grow. They are best known for their bright colors and variety of foliage forms. Although they are technically a â€Å"tender perennial† (even the slightest frost will cause them to die), they are most often considered to be an annual plant by growers and seed producers. Coleus plants may be grown in the garden in bright, indirect light, or in partial shade. The lower growing dwarf varieties (six to twelve inches) will create a colorful border, or the taller (three foot) types can be used as a dramatic background plant. Most coleus plants will survive full sun exposure. The foliage color, however, is often enhanced when they are grown in shade. Coleuses are also quite striking when they are planted in a container and grown as a houseplant. By removing the flower spikes as they develop and keeping the plant pinched back, the coleus can be kept in a perennial state for several seasons. Although these plants are members of the nettle family, they are a mint. They do not have the stinging properties of the nettle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A coleus makes a nice houseplant as long as it receives sufficient light and food. The coleus should be planted in a light, quick draining planting soil. It should be placed where it will receive several hours of bright light (south window) each day, or provide artificial â€Å"grow† lighting for best leaf color, and fullest plant. Coleus plants will adapt to a wide range of temperatures above 55 degrees, but will grow best when they are kept between 70 and 85 degrees. The soil should be kept evenly moist, but never soggy. The coleus plants should be fed monthly with a diluted (50% mix) liquid houseplant fertilizer. Flower buds must be pinched off as soon as they develop to prevent the plant from producing seeds. Coleus :: essays research papers Coleus and Terrariums   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coleus is a very beautiful plant that consists of over 150 different species. It is best known for its colorful foliage. Coleus can grow well in any soil above 55 degrees Fahrenheit. The pretty plant can grow in terrariums. Terrariums are â€Å"gardens under glass† which means that they are jars or glass boxes that can be filled with soil and other things that plants need to grow. They don’t have to be watered so once they are finished, all there is to do is to sit and look at the plant. Will coleus grow faster in a large, small, or medium sized terrarium? Coleus blumei   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coleus plants are durable and easy to grow. They are best known for their bright colors and variety of foliage forms. Although they are technically a â€Å"tender perennial† (even the slightest frost will cause them to die), they are most often considered to be an annual plant by growers and seed producers. Coleus plants may be grown in the garden in bright, indirect light, or in partial shade. The lower growing dwarf varieties (six to twelve inches) will create a colorful border, or the taller (three foot) types can be used as a dramatic background plant. Most coleus plants will survive full sun exposure. The foliage color, however, is often enhanced when they are grown in shade. Coleuses are also quite striking when they are planted in a container and grown as a houseplant. By removing the flower spikes as they develop and keeping the plant pinched back, the coleus can be kept in a perennial state for several seasons. Although these plants are members of the nettle family, they are a mint. They do not have the stinging properties of the nettle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A coleus makes a nice houseplant as long as it receives sufficient light and food. The coleus should be planted in a light, quick draining planting soil. It should be placed where it will receive several hours of bright light (south window) each day, or provide artificial â€Å"grow† lighting for best leaf color, and fullest plant. Coleus plants will adapt to a wide range of temperatures above 55 degrees, but will grow best when they are kept between 70 and 85 degrees. The soil should be kept evenly moist, but never soggy. The coleus plants should be fed monthly with a diluted (50% mix) liquid houseplant fertilizer. Flower buds must be pinched off as soon as they develop to prevent the plant from producing seeds.

Computerized Information System Essay

In Discovering Computers 2007 a Gateway to Information, a computer based information system is described as the â€Å"collection of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce quality information†. These information systems provide opportunities to improve student learning by providing alternate ways for learners to use technology in learning environments (Shelly, Cashman, Vermaat, Discovering Computers 2007), and they enhance management capabilities of teachers as well as school administrators. For example, in many schools today student management systems are being implemented which allow parents to view their child’s report card online, to observe classroom behavior over streaming videos and to go online to access their child’s lesson plan and or their homework assignments. These exciting and modern applications of computer based information systems not only gain popularity in the schools but in the home environment as well. Computer based information system has implications for student learning, classroom teaching, school administration as well as parental involvement. Information Systems for Student Access  Use of computer based information systems gives students access to information through the Internet, as well as by different methods of communication. A good example of an internet communication system is a distant learning class. This method of learning, allows students, especially the working class to take a class online, over the internet, instead of sitting in an actual classroom. This type of learning, provides a fun and innovative process for providing instruction over the World Wide Web and it gives people who work a more relaxed atmosphere where they can work at their own pace, at their home. Learning improves with the use of technology (Shelly, Cashman, Vermaat, Discovering Computers 2007). The learning environment does not stay in the classroom but opens up to the world. New ideas and new techniques can be used to make old curriculum seem new in the eyes of a student. Information Systems for Student Learning[edit] Although Information Systems can improve student learning, their use can sometimes lead to information overload. Sometimes we use so many sources of technology and switch from program to program that we don’t allow the students a chance to develop a level of confidence in using various tools. For example: In Mr. Watkins’ 9th grade class computer based information systems are in constant use. Mr. Watkins’ has students use Windows Movie Maker to demonstrate their knowledge of social studies concepts. In this information system, Mr. Watkins communicates to students by publishing assignments in their online folders. Students then use the software to develop their movies. Students also integrate other applications such as spreadsheets. Student movies are then published to a school portfolio for later showcase in the school social studies fair. Even though the students are being exposed to a variety of information, they may not have enough time or skill to develop the information. (figure 1). File:Teacher with computers. jpeg Mr. Watkins shows his class how to create a portfolio. Figure 1 Mr. Watkins, 9th grade teacher, St. Louis MO says, â€Å"Some students won’t have a problem using the various programs to develop their project, but other students might not have the skill or the comfort level to make a quality product†. (Mr. Watkins, 9th grade teacher, St.  Louis MO, (personal communication, January 20, 2009) Information Systems for Classroom Teaching[edit] In classroom teaching students use computers and software to assist with learning. A computer information system, will enhance classroom learning, by allowing the teachers to find more creative ways to teach, such as using electronic worksheets, in which students use the computer to research information and answer questions about their lesson. Scores can be recorded immediately and teachers can follow up with misunderstandings at the same time. In some situations teachers encourage students to computer based applications such as online tutorials because they focus on a particular skill. Information Systems for Teacher Productivity[edit] One advantage to using a computer information system is that it can automate tasks for teachers and administrators allowing them to spend time on other important tasks (such as writing lesson plans, grading papers, completing reports, etc. ) Another advantage of using a CIS is that it can help you to save data that is collected and then store it in one centralized place. This will allow anyone (administrators as well as state monitors) to view the data. For example: Ms. Harris, a 2nd grade teacher from Columbia, SC reports that: At our school we take surveys from our advisory board members, from the students, teachers and administrators. This data can be saved and at a later date be viewed or used in a comparison with other past or future data. The data can also be processed in to information that can be printed in a report. Similar to this, CIS allows students grades to be posted where parents can view their grades. This helps teachers to keep students accountable and parents informed. A disadvantage though to using a computer information system for this purpose is that it may cause frustration for educators that are not computer literate when new software is purchased and there is little or no time given to learn the software. This leads to misuse of the software or no use of it at all. Overall, computers are a good tool for the classroom that teachers and students can use them to make the learning endless. (figure 2). File:Femaleteacher. jpeg Ms. Harris talks to her students about information systems. Figure 2 Computers are a good tool for use in the classroom for teachers and students and they make learning endless. (Ms. Harris, 2nd grade teacher, Columbia, SC (personal communication, January 28, 2009) Information Systems for Administration[edit] Educational administrations or schools, use computer information systems because they prove to be useful tools in learning environments. In addition, they are fast, reliable, can store a large amount of data, are able to connect to other computers on a networking system, therefore able to share information, allow the students and teachers access to the Internet, etc.  CIS’s are resourceful and have become a great learning tool in educational settings. The use of technology is absolutely beneficial to learning process. One major problem with computer information systems is that sometimes technology is relied upon too much. Teachers and students almost forget that there were other ways to add math problems, to create hands on science projects, to play a musical instrument by hand and so on. It can make a person lazy and dependent on computers. Also, other problems consist of â€Å"broken† or misused technology that may result in needing some repair. Some teachers use a lot of technology in their classroom and their educational administrations rely on them as well. It is important that teachers and students are trained on the proper way to use the computers and students when using the computers, should be supervised. As far as equipment is concerned, there are times when the systems or networks are down and computers either run slower or problems may cause the system to shut down and you may lose unsaved work. That’s why it is always important to back up your hard drive, to have extra storage space and to have a warranty on your equipment.

Leadership Style Of Branson And Gou - 1510 Words

Introduction This report looks at the two leadership styles and technique exhibited by both Sir Richard Branson and that of Mr. Terry Gou. Both leaders run their organisations with their own set of completely different characteristic traits and styles. The report will discuss how employees are treated at each organisation and what causes employees to be motivated or unmotivated while working for each particular organisation. The report discusses each different leadership style of Branson and Gou, by looking deeper and analysing a range of leadership and managerial concepts and theories that relate to their styles. Having clear goals acknowledged by employees and a vision of where the company wants to go is critical to success. The report†¦show more content†¦It aims to create a valuable and positive change in the workers and develop them into future leaders. (Kauppi, 2010) This is seen by Sir Richard Branson as he as a role model to his organisation and in his own way he inspires his entire company workforce by allowing workers to take large amounts of ownership for their own work instead than just taking direct orders from a manager in charge above them. This democratic management style is one that invites input from employees on all company decisions, delegated authority and encourages participation in deciding work methods. (Lecture 9 motivation, slide 12) Sir Richard Branson believes that interaction between employees and managers is fundamental. His leadership style also encourages bringing fun and enjoyment to the workplace, ultimately resulting in more efficient work output which can be proven via Herzberg’s Two-factor Theory, where both â€Å"hygiene† and â€Å"Satisfier factors† are achieved with the managerial leadership from Sir Richard Branson. (Lecture 9 motivation, slide 12) Another characteristic of leadership style show from Sir Richard Branson is his method of hiring new staff. He believes that at times a person with multiple degrees in a certain field isn’t always better than someone with broad experience with a wonderful personality. (Branson,2013) If he notices a particular employee expr essing a passion for his job andShow MoreRelatedThe Leadership Styles And Behaviours Of The Ceo Of Virgin Group2062 Words   |  9 Pagessituations in two very different companies, where the leadership styles and behaviours of the CEO of one company and the owner of the second company are evident on a day- to-day basis. Comparing Richard Branson’s (CEO of Virgin Group) leadership style, behaviour, and his impact on employee motivation with Terry Gou’s (Owner of Foxconn Factories) leadership style, behaviour and impact on employee motivation as well as suggesting improvements Gou could make to Foxconn to make it a more harmonious and