Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Human resource management - Essay Example 39). In short, it will act as the roadmap to all the processes required in the recruitment process. The idea of an organisation chart is to ensure that there are no regrets after the process such as having hired the wrong persons, or ending up with people who cannot adhere to the organisation’s demands and objectives. Jobs in different fields will have different [market] demands. In short, a job in medicine will not have the same recruitment descriptions as in the technological sector. Therefore, recruitment theories dictate that for effectiveness in interviewing, recruiting, and retaining employees, it is mandatory to have a specific job description for every available position. For instance, in this technological context, there may be a system administrator’s job vacancy. As such, it will be the duty of the human resources department to make it known to potential applicants that they should possess skills such as computer networking, knowledge in operating systems, computer security, and the ability to make other IT-related solutions. In having the specific required job descriptions, the organisation will attract applicants who know what is required of them, who are competent, and those who will not require extra resources before deciding on whether or not they fit the job. Job descriptions not only simplify the task for the organisation but also for the applicants. According to the subjective factor theory, job applicants will require more than just the financial offer of job descriptions. They will also demand to learn about an organisation’s reputation and what it requires of them before they present their applications. This is because a job should fulfill the financial, psychological, and emotional needs of employees (Yu & Cable 2013, p.49). Therefore, in presenting the required descriptions, applicants will be able to judge whether the job is all-round, that is, whether it will fulfil all their needs. This is important in that it will

Assignment as Essay Example for Free

Assignment as Essay As part of the network security team, we will be proving IDI with a network security plan to mitigate the vulnerabilities that have been discovered. A secure site will be set up with network intrusion detection and network protection systems will be available to access via the internal network. Policies will be presented for remote access and the use of VPN. Also contained within this report will be strategies for hardening the network and mitigating risks. An updated network layout with increased network security to meet the current needs will be included. In the interest of business continuity, remote access will be utilized. User wishing access to internal network assets will only be able to access said assets with the use of a company issued laptop. We will make use of MAC address filtering to allow remote users access to the internal network via VPN. Each of the remote access laptops will have been loaded with VPN and have the MAC address added to the list on the MAC address filter. Users will be able to login to the VPN by using their local username and password. By making use of a VPN connection, users should be able to easily access the network assets. VPN connections are protected by SSL encryption which provides communication security over the internet. Each of the remote access laptops will be encrypted with McAfee safeboot encryption and all local data will remain encrypted until a valid login is entered. McAfee safeboot encryption requires additional login information to access the IDI internal network. At the present there is one web server for employees to access both internal and external sites. The network security team will be integrating a web server located within the internal network. This Web server will be accessible only from within IDI’s local area network. We will be using the layered security concept to protect IDI’s internal servers. An (IDS) intrusion detection system will be set up to send out alerts in the event of an intrusion and log all connections. An (IPS) intrusion prevention system will be set up to prevent the detected intrusions and will make use of MAC address filtering to deny or allow connections based off the MAC address or physical address of each machine. MAC address filtering will allow the servers to accept incoming traffic from predetermined hosts. To further secure the local area network, the network security team will be implementing the principle of least privilege in regards to the users. By using the principle of least privilege we will be preventing multiple forms of malicious or accidental risks by only giving the user the permissions and privileges necessary to complete their job. Microsoft’s default security software is commonly used and well known making the vulnerabilities well known, which would make it easier for a hacker to plan out an attack. Third party antivirusmalware and firewall software will be used on all machines. The servers located within the network will make use of a statefull firewall to monitor and filter all traffic on the network by scanning for congruence between data packets. The public facing servers used to connect the internal webserver to the customer website are contained within the demilitarized zone. Due to the demilitarized zones proximity to the wide area network, we will be taking a layered security approach. There will be a statefull firewall located between the router and the demilitarized zone. This firewall will protect the internal network via the LAN-to-WAN connection by performing in-depth packet inspection and closely monitoring the LAN’s inbound and outbound traffic. A stateless physical firewall device will be in place between the internet service provider and the demilitarized zone. This firewall hardware will allow for larger amounts of inbound and outbound traffic. The demilitarized zone will make use of both an IDS and IPS to handle any intrusions within this part of the network. Current IDI Network Weaknesses/vulnerabilities Logisuite 4. 2.2 has been installed 10 years ago, has not been upgraded, however over 350 modifications have been made, and license is expired RouteSim- The destination delivery program is used to simulate routes, costs and profits , it is not integrated into Logisuite or oracle financials to take advantage of the databases for real-time currency valuation and profit loss projections IDI needs to standardize office automation hardware and software currently there are about 600 workstations , 200 HP, 150 Toshibas, 175 IBM, 50 dell, rest are apple PowerBooks without CAD software available Software ranges from various antique word processing packages of which are incompatible for integration with each other, causing transfer of files to become corrupt when opened by incompatible software Polices exist that prohibit the introduction of personal devices, many executives have had administrators install clients on their unsupported non-standard personal laptops, pcs, ws that interface with internet with little or no personal protection WAN was designed by MCI in early 2000’s which has not been upgraded since data rate increases have occurred in Asia and Brazil has been distressed. Between September and March (peak hours) capacity is insufficient, customers are lost due to dropped connections and abandoned shopping baskets, further reducing growth and revenue Telecommunications – limited Mitel SX-2000 private automatic branch exchange (PABX) that only provides voicemail and call forwarding Current IDI Strengths Sao Paulo is presently the strongest link in the chain. Sao Paulo Brazil is a model of standardization; all other sites will be modeled after this site. The Sao Paulo office includes the following setup 30 MS windows for file and print 4 Linux (Unix) servers for major production applications 2 Linux (Unix) servers with the internet zone with juniper high-speed switches and routers A storage area network based on EMC CLARiiON SAP R/3(ECC6-Portal based apps) Up-to-date security policies although in Spanish The telephone system provided by SP Telesis- one of the four competing providers in the metropolitan city The NEC NEAX 2400 Series PABX used for internal and external communications

Response to The Fish By Elizabeth Bishop Essay -- Poetry Poem Fish Eli

Response to "The Fish" By Elizabeth Bishop I chose to respond to Elizabeth Bishop's "The Fish" because the poem seems so simple, yet there is much to gather from reading it. This is a narrative poem told in the first person about a woman who catches a fish on a rented boat and, after staring at him for a while, decides to throw him back. The narrator of this poem goes through a series of stages in which she is at first detached from the fish, then intrigued by him, and then finally sympathetic towards him. In the very first lines of Bishop's poem, the narrator catches the fish and treats him as such. "I caught a tremendous fish / and held him beside the boat / half out of water, with my hook / fast in a corner of his mouth" (Bishop 665). She has just caught a fish and is in the process of bringing him onto the boat. She seems very disconnected from this fish, who is just the target of a sport--fishing. When she gets the chance to take a good look at him, it seems that her view changes from detachment to curiosity and admiration. She notices that the fish doesn't struggl...

I’m Nobody Essay

â€Å"I’m Nobody! Who are You? † is a poem written by Emily Dickinson. The poem conveys the main idea of being alone, isolated from the society – or being â€Å"nobody†. This is partly influenced by the social gender status of Dickinson’s time – 19th century featured the inequality of sexes, where females were expected to stay at home and serve their husbands, thus disconnected from the society. As a result Dickinson had adapted and perhaps taken pleasure into being an outsider, whilst she found it boring to be part of the society – or to be a â€Å"somebody†. These are all various ideas reflected through Emily Dickinson’s poem. The poem has 2 stanzas – very typical of Emily Dickinson’s style. Her choice of language in this poem is also very simple and succinct – but at the same time meaningful and pithy. The first line, â€Å"I’m nobody! †, shows how Dickinson admits to be a â€Å"nobody† willingly. Being a â€Å"nobody† can mean an outsider – a person who is isolated, alienated from the rest of the world and society. The second phrase of the line – â€Å"Who are you? † shows that the poem is directly written to a target. This person – shown on the second line of the first stanza, is a â€Å"nobody† too – perhaps even a friend of Dickinson. The poet also realizes the fact that being a â€Å"nobody† is to be loathed by the society. This is shown in line 3, when she advises the other â€Å"nobody† not to tell, as she states in line 4 â€Å"They’d banish us†. The word â€Å"They† in the beginning of lines 3 and 4 suggests the rest of the society – people who are â€Å"somebody†, as opposed to Dickinson’s â€Å"nobody’. The use of dash in line 3 shows the furtiveness of the phrase â€Å"don’t tell! †, emphasizing the hatred or dislike they face from the society. The same effect is achieved by the use of exclamation mark in line 3. Lines 3 and 4 can also be interpreted as that after she finds another â€Å"nobody†, they are a pair – not longer belong to a group of â€Å"nobodies†. She does not want to be banished from the status of being â€Å"nobodies†. A conclusion can be drawn that she feels more secure to be a â€Å"nobody†; she feels comfortable to be treated as a â€Å"nobody† by the rest of the society. The second stanza sees a noticeable change in Dickinson’s tone. The repetitions of â€Å"How† and â€Å"To† in the beginning of each line give a more secure and commanding tone. This can be explained by the â€Å"discovery† of another â€Å"nobody† stated by the poet in the first stanza – she feels more assured that to be a â€Å"nobody† is not too unacceptable as she is not the only one. Also perhaps because she feels more secure to be with a person who feels the same as she does and understands her, she is more willing and daring to express her more inner feelings. The poet states that it is â€Å"dreary to be somebody† in line 5 of the second stanza. â€Å"Dreary† refers to being boring or dull; and â€Å"to be somebody† suggests to be recognized by the society and belong to it. Hence Dickinson is suggesting that to be part of a society is tedious and meaningless to her, which can also implies being a â€Å"nobody† is the contrary – interesting and meaningful. A further implication may be that being â€Å"nobody† allows her to write poetry – as it is not part of the â€Å"traditional role† of women at her time to write poetry, and instead women were expected to serve only their husbands. However, being a â€Å"nobody† in the society helps her to escape her role of being a â€Å"women†, granting her freedom instead. Hence we can see that poetry is meaningful to her. She also compares that to be â€Å"somebody† is like to be â€Å"public†, another indication that Dickinson likes isolation – which is proven correctly as one would learn that she locked herself in her house for the majority of her life. Dickinson uses a simile to compare â€Å"somebody† to a â€Å"frog† in line 6. This can be explained by the fact that â€Å"frogs† are considered noisy with the sound they generate. Combining with line 8, â€Å"To an admiring bog! †, it suggests the idea that frogs create noise to be noticed – but only by â€Å"an admiring bog†. A bog is the environment in which a frog dwells – this creates an irony. Emily Dickinson is suggesting that although being a â€Å"somebody† means being noticed by the public, but the public to â€Å"somebody† is like a bog to a frog – it is not really a relationship, or friendship, as no one would say that a bog is the friend of a frog. Also the word â€Å"admiring† creates a whole sense of sarcasm to the idea – and the technique of personification is used to describe the â€Å"bog† as well, perhaps to emphasize the sarcasm of the simile. Overall the poet suggests that to be â€Å"somebody† might mean to be well-known, accepted by the society; however the relationships are often shallow, distanced or impersonal. The rhyming of the words â€Å"frog† and â€Å"bog† also suggests a congenial relationship between â€Å"Somebody† and her targeted audience – conveying the idea that the poem is a direct criticism against the â€Å"somebody† – the general public. Through the use of contrast and irony between â€Å"Nobody† and â€Å"Somebody†, her strong will to be a â€Å"nobody† is shown, as well as her despise towards â€Å"somebody†. This poem reflects Emily Dickinson’s life and perhaps her more inner and cryptic feelings – it was probably written from the heart. She imprisoned herself for the most of her life, completely isolated from the rest of the world. This may contribute to the reason why she thinks being an â€Å"outsider† is better than being â€Å"somebody†, and that she does not value â€Å"friendship† in the same way as normal people do. However at the same time it was also proven in the poem – for instance she found another â€Å"nobody† in the first stanza – that she is not totally a recluse, and that she treasures the very few friendships she had.

Inherent Risk Essay

i) expanded into a national manufacturer of high technology sustainable energy products brings with it a range of uncertainties, including compliance requirements and logistical problems increased potential for misstatement due to the judgements required requiring more judgement such as research and development (valuation), intangible assets (valuation), inventory (valuation) and property plant and equipment (valuation). ii) assets include â€Å"intellectual property rights† potential for misstatement when valuing advanced technology and intangible assets because of their nature Intellectual property rights (valuation). iii) Nature of the client’s business – a high technology industry highly susceptible to change in technology makes valuation of inventory and property plant and equipment more difficult misstatements Inventory (valuation); intangible assets (e.g. intellectual property rights) (valuation); property plant and equipment (valuation). iv) new management team, no experience in the high technology industries difficult to exercise appropriate judgement misstatement Sales (occurrence); accounts receivable/ provision for doubtful debts (valuation);inventory (valuation); intellectual property rights (valuation). v) Management remuneration is based on bonuses paid on reported profit engage in earnings management. For example, sales may be recognised earlier than they should, or provisions, such as for doubtful debts, may be underestimated Sales (occurrence/cut off); accounts receivable/ provision for doubtful debts (valuation); research and development (valuation) vi) New information system Risk of losing data in changeover. Also, staff will not be familiar with the new system, therefore susceptible to more errors Any significant account when changing over to the new system. Completeness due to loss of data; occurrence due to double inputting; accuracy due to human error. ANSWER Internal control weakness | Internal control improvements | Other departments can raise requisitions for goods and services without proper authorisation. | Pre-numbered requisitions orders should be raised and signed by authorised personnel. Requisitioning authority should be related to authority and function. A signed requisition order is necessary before raising purchase orders. | Purchase orders are unnumbered and unaccounted for. | Pre-numbered purchase orders should be signed by an authorised purchasing department staff member and a copy forward to the requisitioner, goods receiving and accounts departments. Pre-numbered purchase orders should ensure completeness. | Purchasing dept obtains goods and services as soon as the requisition is received. | Orders should be placed with approved suppliers on the best terms and quality. | Blank purchase orders are accessible to all purchasing staff and open to theft and misappropriation. | Blank purchase orders should be kept in a secure place to avoid misuse and should be accounted for; that is, checked for sequential continuity. |

Marketing Report of General Mills Canada Corporation

Marketing Report of General Mills Canada Corporation Outline Should General Mills Canada Corporation (GMCC) focus on and continue to invest in the refrigerated baked goods (RBG) category? A business case supporting the argument How could/would you grow the RBG category? What strategic goal/s and direction would be realistic and required? How could/would you grow the refrigerated cookie dough (RCD) segment? What strategic goal/s and direction would be realistic and required? Who is/are Pillsbury’s target consumer for RCD? How would you describe the ideal target consumer profile? Should General Mills Canada Corporation (GMCC) focus on and continue to invest in the refrigerated baked goods (RBG) category? A business case supporting the argument The performance of RBG in the past two years has not been stellar. The net earnings and volumes of sales between 2004 and 2006 had declined. Further, household penetration has continued to decline.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Marketing Report of General M ills Canada Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, RBG product line was the fourth best in the company. The most profitable product in RGB category is the refrigerated-cookie product line. It represented 62 percent of sales and had over 75 percent of the product line profits. Table 1: Statement of Earnings (figures are in millions) 28 May, 2006 29 May, 2005 30 May, 2004 Net Earnings $1,090 $1,240 $1,055 Total Expenses and Costs $10,073 $9,429 $9,562 According to study results by Market Tools, refrigerated baked goods were convenient for consumers because they were easy and quick to make (79 percent). Generally, customers prefer convenient products. The team also learned that RGB product consumption was on the increase, especially among household with children. This implies that GMCC has a potential market niche. Therefore, it should target households with children in advertisement campaigns. Guillen must convince th e management team that RGB product line shall improve when they adopt scratch baking method since Canadian consumers prefer it. Therefore, it must promote scratch baking method in the Canadian market rather than the popular methods in the US. The research also established that mothers preferred products, which were relatively easy, quick, practical, and attractive to children. The GMCC should consider this insight and develop brands of RGB.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company must also develop the product because it is popular with mothers, who influence purchase decisions based on affordability, convenience, and attractiveness to children. Despite the stagnant sales and revenues, the research established that cookie markets were growing in Canada. Therefore, GMCC should focus on the growth segment of the market. The research provided considerable insi ght and knowledge that enabled Guillen to understand that Canadians preferred scratch baking rather than refrigerated cookies. Therefore, the company can create the niche and revive sales. Based on market research results, Guillen should develop product campaigns that address various challenges, which lapsed users have encountered. Therefore, it is appropriate for GMCC to segment customers based on preferences, usages, appeals, and various emotions that RGB brand creates. The company should not focus on other consumers, who will never purchase Pillsbury products. Instead, it should develop a new niche and attract brand champions. However, it must accomplish this strategy with the right advertisement and campaign messages, which can reach most households and appeal to kids who influence purchase decisions of Pillsbury products. How could/would you grow the RBG category? What strategic goal/s and direction would be realistic and required? GMCC can increase the sales of RBG product lin e by reviewing market penetration approaches. It must market the current RBG products to existing customers. In addition, it must develop strategies to attract lapsed users and non-users. Guillen must focus on increasing the rate of purchase The company must sale to lapsed users Increasing the volumes of sales at every purchase occasion It must develop new strategies to attract non-users He must develop new strategies to attract lapsed users and non-users of RBG product line. The RBG product line has a defined target market. As a result, the products have a clear market potential. The marketing strategies of GMCC must concentrate on potential market segments. GMCC can enhance purchase frequencies of RBG products by running advertisement campaigns, which can attract users by highlighting products’ feature such as ease of use, quick, practical, and appeal to children. This will drive purchase frequencies from mothers.Advertising We will write a custom case study sampl e on Marketing Report of General Mills Canada Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the same time, the company can ensure that users increase the amount of purchase by introducing value to products. For instance, the company can introduce new methods to attract lapsed users, who have busy schedules. According to the research conducted, brand champions, lapsed user, and non-user did not express price concerns about Pillsbury products. Therefore, GMCC should not change pricing strategy of RBG product line. GMCC must use a product development strategy in order to adapt to the Canadian consumers, who prefer scratch baking of cookies. At the same time, it must introduce new products to attract lapsed users, who do not want to engage in scratch baking. Guillen must introduce: New features to RBG product line, such as convenience of baking New brands to appeal to older consumers The product development concept shall ensure that segment of the markets, which include lapsed users, older consumers, and non-users buy new or improved RBG product line. How could/ would you grow the refrigerated cookie dough (RCD) segment? What strategic goal/s and direction would be realistic and required? The refrigerated cookies dough (RCD) is the most successful product line among all RBG products. It drives the company’s growths and profits. For instance, it represented 62 percent of the RBG sales and over 75 percent of the category’s sales. This shows why Guillen must focus on RCD. He must make the RCD brand unique in relation to other cookies in the Canadian market. Mothers have expressed their confidence with the RCD. Therefore, Guillen must focus on his three observations: Increase frequency of purchases Increase household penetration Combine the two strategies The company must create a good experience for customers who buy RCD. The experiences shall persuade them to buy RCD again. When consumers decide to buy RC D, they shall develop the RCD brand and increase the product value. As a result, this shall create brand loyalty that shall ensure that the company penetrates the market, reaches households, and increases sales volumes and market shares.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This strategy is suitable for GCMM because it has created the best brand in the Canadian cookie market. For instance, GCMM created a brand that dominated the market share. Pillsbury remained iconic brand in Canadian households with the Pillsbury Doughboy campaign. This implies that cookies from Pillsbury have a positive association with customers, a high brand value than competitors, and a recognised name across most households. Based on the Cookies Usage and Attitude Study Results, the company must brand RCD to reflect the market needs. It must: Rebrand cookies for scratch baking in Canada Enhance convenience and taste Appeal to children Brand for lapsed users and non-users The research showed that the use of RCD was on the rise in households. Therefore, the company must use branding strategies to create what consumers expects from cookies based on the above results like convenience, appeal to children, and affordability. This shall turn lapsed users and non-users into customers. Such branding strategies must create credibility, consistency, and competitive pricing of RCD. Attracting lapsed and non-users These segments of Canadian markets appreciate convenience, affordability, and ease of RCD products. The research results indicated that brand champions and lapsed users were similar, but not in all aspects. For instance, they were all mothers who cared and worried about their kids. Therefore, the company strategic campaigns should aims at providing a sense of security and ease of use for lapse users. The advertisement should guarantee busy mothers satisfaction through ease of use. Therefore, the company must introduce new brands to cater for this market. The company can provide free samples for non-users and lapsed users. This shall enable potential customers to taste cookies before buying, and they are most likely to purchase Pillsbury products based on their preferences. The company should engage in constant advertisement campaigns. This should aim at pen etrating the market and reaching various households. Brand champions should promote or refer RCD to other consumers. This can be convenient during family functions. During the discovery workshop, Guillen noted emotional reactions, feelings and gained insights into lives of cookies’ consumers and bakers. The company can organise such events to promote cookies. In addition, it should have community-based gatherings for marketing purposes and charity works. This shall provide opportunities for non-users to taste Pillsbury products. Compare and contrast product forms. Specifically, define the product benefit/s and competitive advantage/s Scratch baking ingredients Has emotional appeal to mothers and the entire household across Canada Appeal to most consumers in Canada Appeal to pragmatic, get-it-done type of consumers Pre-mix cookie baking products Requires minimal preparation Convenient to busy consumers Has nutritional value Refrigerated cookie dough – chubs Has var ious varieties Are pre-mixed and require minimal preparation Have sharing and giving appeals to consumers Have nutritional value Refrigerated cookie dough – ready-to-bake pre-formed cookies Convenient to busy consumers Are seasonal for various occasions Come in various varieties All Pillsbury products invoke a sense of generosity among consumers. Illustrate and discuss a product-positioning map including each variant. Where do you see the greatest market potential and why? Canadian consumers prefer scratch baking Pillsbury products. The research result shows that 61 percent of consumers are scratch users. This implies that the product has a potential among mothers, who are pragmatic. On the other hand, refrigerated and pre-mix products appeal to a different segment of busy consumers. This is an emerging market niche for the company. Therefore, the branding strategies should aim at increasing consumer preferences by highlighting the product convenience features to busy cons umers. Fig. 1: a product-positioning map However, we have based the production-positioning map on various perceptions of consumers. For instance, various consumers have different perceptions on scratch baking products. There are mothers who consider them convenient, affordable, appealing to children, and easy to use. On the other hand, some consumers feel that scratch baking products consume most of their time. This product-positioning map identifies potential market gaps and consumer segments, which Pillsbury can target in order to achieve an increment in sales and market shares. These products have demands based on perceptions of various customers. Therefore, Pillsbury must resort to active branding and promotion strategies. Successful positioning shall require Guillen to use benefits of all products, which customers seek. Therefore, he must: Target specific segments of the market based on benefits of each product Communicate products’ benefits in different ways from comp etitors Who is/are Pillsbury’s target consumer for RCD? How would you describe the ideal target consumer profile? Pillsbury’s target consumers for RCD products are pragmatic mothers, households with kids, busy mothers, and people who prefer get-together events. In Canada, kids are the main purchase drivers of RCD. Therefore, GCMM marketing strategies must focus on various segments of target markets and create relationships with these RCD consumers. The company has adequate information about these target markets. Therefore, it must develop adequate strategies to reach potential markets. This process requires developing an ideal profile for various segments of the market. The profile shall enable GCMM to identify various needs and challenges of different segments of the Canadian market. The profile shall: Reduce knowledge gap about consumers Identify ideal consumers Identify both lapsed users and non-users Provide consumers’ insights This shall help the company to position RCD in the market appropriately and deliver value to consumers. The RCD customer profile includes both demographics and psychographic characteristics of the target consumers. Demographic features Age: mothers in their 30s to 40s (kids are the purchase drivers in this category) Sex: female and men (who purchase for the family) Occupation: homemakers and working mothers Level of income: low and middle classes Geographical location: Canadian markets Psychographic characteristics Values: some consumers consider Pillsbury products as having ‘a shared secret Beliefs: consumers believe that the products represent acts of generosity and are better than other products Buying patterns: buying in Canada is impulsive (mainly influenced by kids’ demands) Perception: customers believe that the products are easy to use, convenient, and affordable Hobbies and interests: products are ideal for sharing and giving in family events Guillen shall use the customers’ p rofile to understand factors that influence purchase decisions of RCD consumers. However, he must note that consumers’ preferences change over time. This is why there are lapsed users of RCD. Therefore, scheduled market studies are necessary to understand factors that influence purchase decisions. Both demographic and psychographic characteristics of consumers provide factors that drive purchase of RCD, consumers’ concerns, and decision-making processes. These shall assist in developing appropriate marketing strategies. Specifically, Guillen shall use such information to formulate: RCD description for specific markets Pricing strategy Grow the brand Segment the RCD market in Canada based on information at hand and develop a relevant target market profile for the Pillsbury RCD marketing strategy. Who would you target and why? The RCD market in Canada consists of pragmatic, get-it-done types of mothers and busy mothers, who have busy schedules and do not want to spend their time in scratch baking. At the same time, we have to take into account influences of kids. The company research established that these segments of the markets are large enough to drive sales and increase the market share. These segment markets can serve market objectives of the company. In addition, the company can run active marketing campaigns to reach most households. These segments have also expressed signs of growths. However, RCD campaign and promotional strategies must focus on both existing customers and winning lapsed users. Communicating with these segments of the market shall enable the company to understand various needs of consumers. These market segments shall meet the aspiration of the company in terms of driving sales volumes and revenues. The company must choose the best options for the target markets. Based on the results of gathered data, Guillen must engage the marketing and sales team in all intricate stages of decision-making. The company must initiate ef fective promotion, advertisement, sales, and distribution strategies. The branding strategy and branding message shall be the main concern for the target market segment. The company must recognise that customers have various perceptions on a single product. The research results showed that different mothers have different perceptions about cookies. This is because cookies arouse different emotions among consumers. This is the brand identity among RCD consumers. The brand image of Pillsbury RCD products must convey the following benefits to consumers: Ease of use Affordability Good taste Appealing to kids Quick to make Are fun activity with kids and family members Guillen must consider strong areas of RCD and communicate them to consumers. As a result, both existing and new customers shall realise the benefits of RCD. The company can only build brand equity and invoke emotional attachment with target markets if it can compete effectively. Therefore, the increase in market shares sh all enhance the brand value of RCD. Once RCD has established a brand value, the company shall realise increase in sales volumes and returns because consumers shall be paying for the value they receive from RCD. The company must find effective ways of communicating the brand value of RCD to target markets. Constant studying of consumers and changes in the market The company must engage in constant market research in order to communicate the right message to consumers. The company must possess deep knowledge about the target markets. It must understand factors that influence their purchase decisions, what they like in the product, and what they do not like. This shall enable Guillen to develop effective message to consumers. The company must also adapt advertisement campaigns to Canadian consumers. Promoting brand consistency The company has been relying on advertisement message developed in the US. However, the research results showed that consumers in both regions had different characteristics, preferred methods of preparing cookies, and showed different views about purchase drivers. Therefore, controlling these factors in Canadian market is imperative for increasing purchase frequencies. Effective channel of communication Through studies, Guillen established that RCD consumers were on the rise across households. Therefore, he must choose the right media to reach households, especially those with kids because kids influence purchase decisions and in turn may influence frequencies of purchase. Incorporating customers’ feedback The company can only build strong brands, increase frequencies of purchase, and communicate effectively if it considers feedback from customers. Such feedback can help the company realise various causes of lapsed in usage and reasons for non-users. Therefore, Guillen must realise that building RCD brand is critical for success of the company. He must follow suggestions and findings from market studies in order to increase p urchase frequencies, market penetration, reach the target markets, develop appropriate brand message, use effective channel, and turn lapsed users and non-users to product consumers.

Determinates of peace consist essays

Determinates of peace consist essays Determinates of peace consist of non-violence and inclusion. To what extent have these variables been employed in creating a democratically stronger Northern Ireland? In the month of September 1994 the IRA announced the complete termination of military operations, signifying the start of the peace process. The troubles broke out in Derry, August 1969, which followed over a quarter of a century of terrorist violence, waged by the provisional IRA, Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), and the loyalist terrorist groups; the UVF and UFF. However, the peace process has encountered major stumbling blocks in its ten-years. Gillian refers to the peace process as containing an element of schizophrenia , one which appears to oscillate between hope and fear, an atmosphere captured in David Mckittricks journalistic account of the peace process. It could be argued that the fundamental reason for Northern Irelands troubles is its weakness in democracy. Lijphart states that democracy is a process of accommodation involving a combination of division and cohesion and of conflict and consent. Northern Ireland unquestionably contains elements of division an d conflict, however levels of cohesion and consent to political accommodation are negible. Northern Ireland is effectively democratically immature. Rustow hypothesizes that the dynamic process of democratisation itself is set off by a prolonged and inconclusive political struggle. It can be argued that Northern Ireland is its infancy stage in becoming democratically strong. In order for Northern Ireland to democratically mature through the process of accommodation in peace, the principles of non-violence and inclusion need to be realised. Gilligan highlights two distinct uses of the terms peace in the discourse of the &apo...

Wright Surname Meaning and Origin

Wright Surname Meaning and Origin WRIGHT Surname Meaning Origin: Wright is an occupational surname meaning craftsman, builder, from the Old English wryhta meaning worker. Wright is the 34th most popular surname in the United States and the 14th most common surname in England. Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings: WRIGHTE, RITE, WRITE, RIGHT, ALWRIGHT, ALLWRIGHT, OLDWRIGHT, WRYTE, WRAIGHT Famous People with the Surname WRIGHT: Wilbur and Orville Wright - flew the first airplane at Kitty Hawk, North CarolinaFrank Lloyd Wright - famous American architectMartha Coffin Wright - Quaker womens rights activist and sister of Lucretia Mott. Genealogy Resources for the Surname WRIGHT: 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? The Wright Family GenealogyA Web site dedicated to the descendants of William Wright (1707-1776) and his wife, Margaret. They were the original American patriarch and matriarch of a Scotch-Irish Wright family, who resided much of their lives in Augusta Co, Virginia. Wright DNA ProjectWright men (women dont carry Y-DNA) are invited to join this project to help match individual and families who share a common male ancestor of the Wright surname. Wright Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Wright surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Wright query. FamilySearch - WRIGHT GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Wright surname and its variations. WRIGHT Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Wright surname. Cousin Connect - WRIGHT Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Wright, and sign up for free notification when new Wright queries are added. DistantCousin.com - WRIGHT Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Wright. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Brands Hop on the Handbag Wagon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Brands Hop on the Handbag Wagon - Essay Example The price points for contemporary brands allow their customer to make purchases more often and attractive to a wider market segment in the process. Contemporary brands also have the advantage of tailoring their products towards customer preferences unlike designer brands (Sidell, 2015). This assists the contemporary brands to consolidate their existing clients while at the same time drawing new and varied ones. A disadvantage faced by contemporary brands is the fierce competition they face from established designer brands which have had more experience within the market in relation to brand recognition and consumer loyalty. It is difficult for contemporary brands to launch new products and gain a huge market share immediately. If I was a designer for a contemporary brand, I would focus on consumer research, aesthetics, and quality of my products. Coupled with the price positioning offered by the contemporary market segment, higher aesthetics and quality would ensure that I get to grasp the attention of the market. Consumers would get to appreciate the quality and aesthetics of the bag in relation to designer brands. Consumer research would enable the designer to create a product that is in connection with the customer tastes and preferences. Sidell, M. W. (2015, March 17). Brands Hop on the Handbag Wagon. Retrieved March 17, 2015, from The New School: A University:

What did Gorbachev mean by the new political thinking in foreign Essay

What did Gorbachev mean by the new political thinking in foreign policy Was it compatible with Marxism-Leninism - Essay Example The new political thinking initiated by the Gorbachev regime in the former Soviet Union brought in tremendous changes in the foreign policy of the country. Perestroika was considered as the opening of the Russia to world and in turn the world to the Russia. Gorbachev’s new foreign policy was characterised by the ‘free will’ to put an end to arms race, which was materialised as the freezing of nuclear tests in august 1985, the general disarmament plan in January 1986, agreement on the elimination of medium range nuclear missiles in 1987, large scale military cuts and pulling out from Afghanistan in 1989. However, Gorbachev miserably failed not only in democratising the regime but also in preserving it. The compatibility of Gorbachev’s policies with Marxism could only be determined with relations to what we consider as the central tenets of Marxism. Still, along the Gramscian lines, it is possible to argue that the Soviet Russia undergone a phase of passive r evolutions under the (non)leadership of Gorbachev. From a Marxist perspective, the Soviet Foreign policy had de-ideologised by the 1960s itself. The Gorbachevian reforms at the realm of foreign policy tried to get the foreign policy out of the irrational fears of cold war era. Gorbachevian Reforms and the New Political Thinking Many people think that the structural reforms undertook by Gorbachev was a response to the growing economic crisis Soviet Union faced in the 1980s. However, such a viewpoint does not consider the fact that many countries that are substantially poorer than Soviet Union have not undergone any systemic changes. Certainly, Gorbachev tried to modernise the economy and introduced new management techniques which are capitalistic in essence to unfetter production. However, perestroika needs to be understood as more about political reforms than economic reforms. Ironically, Gorbachevian reforms have many similarities with the austerity programmes usually adopted in ca pitalist countries. Gorbachev’s new political thinking was basically defined in terms of the need for an integrated world wherein both the Soviet Union and the West must try for the de-militarisation of the planet. Tsygankov argues that â€Å"by aiming for the West’s support and recognition, it inserted itself into the arena of the Western modernity of nation-states, making it increasingly difficult to discourage the Soviet ethnic republics from embarking on nationalist projects† (2006, p. 47). Here, the point is that the ideals of new political thinking such as world integration, enhanced cooperation with the West, greater autonomy for the ethnic nationalities were not compatible with the reality of an aggressively imperialist-capitalist West, especially under conservatives such as Regan and Thatcher. Remarkably, Gorbachev as a Soviet leader â€Å"found his main base of support not in the party, military, or industry, but in the liberal intelligentsia† ( English, 2000, p.195). As an ambitious leader, Gorbachev actively sought Russia’s broad shift towards the West in general and the Europe in particular. The goal of perestroika was â€Å"to modify the relations of production and prevent social upheaval† but it ended up in â€Å"opening the door to the influence of capitalism, fragmenting the heterogeneous Soviet elite, and enabled an opposition linked to global neoliberalism to emerge which utilised the nascent Russian state as a mechanism for advancing systemic transformation† (Simon, 2010, p. 431). In brief, Gorbachev’s so-called reform policies necessarily ended up in the consolidation of the Russian ruling elites and the transfer of state powers to itself. Importantly, Gorbachev did not have a concrete policy of either economic regeneration or political transformation. Kenez is of the view that â€Å"Gorbachev believed in the possibility of reforming communism in

Wrist watches Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Wrist watches Industry - Assignment Example Nevertheless, the English and Swiss watchmaker's dominance in the wristwatch industry would have been subjected to various threats due to innovations occurring from the rest of the world. For example, the Swiss watchmakers were repeatedly unable to react properly to these emerging innovations in the technological aspects of wrist watch design. The industry serves as a proof that many watch-making companies across the world would often do the same mistake repeatedly. These companies often were unable to detect the trends and cycles of the changes in watch-making technology in order to get prepared for it. The great examples of these technological changes were the 'Quartz technology' and the 'following shift of emphasis to fashion has had dramatic impacts on the watch industry' (HEGARTY and CORNER, 1996). Japanese watch-making companies were able to grasp the opportunity that the Quartz technology has to offer which made them more dominant than Swiss companies. However, the later emphasis on design and fashion on wristwatches brought back the glory and dominance back to Swiss watch-making companies. The development of Quartz technology made Japanese companies dominant for a while. Japanese companies were so overwhelmed by their successes that they were unable to detect the upcoming trend in wristwatch industry, which is emphasis on fashion and style. These new trend was dominated by the Swiss companies for the next 10 years (HEGARTY and CORNER, 1996)Wristwatch companies, both Swiss and Japanese alike, were unable to respond well to the threats that were coming their way when they were in their dominant position which unable them to understand future needs and preferences of wristwatch buyers. 'The Swiss and English did not recognise the threat that machined watches with interchangeab le parts were to them and they lost large market share in the Nineteenth century. It took almost half of a century for Swiss companies to recover market share up to and during WWII' (HEGARTY and CORNER, 1996). However, Swiss companies' efforts to take back the watch industry proved to be successful at the turn of the 20th century. The introduction of the Dingley Tariff Law enabled companies such as Bulova, Benrus, Gruen, and Longines-Wittnauer to 'assemble watches in the U.S. with Swiss movements'. The Swiss developed more accurate techniques and founded their factories on the knowledge acquired by Mr. 'Favre-Perret's visit to the U.S'. It was the Swiss companies' focused on advancement in mechanical parts and development of 'complications such as calendars, chronographs (stop watches), and self-winding models' that helped them sustained their dominance. On the other hand, Rolex, with the development 'first water resistant watch in the 1920s and the first automatic winder in 1931' contributed to Swiss dominance. Moreover, Swiss watchmakers made smaller wristwatches with more accuracy and reliability. As a result, 80% of worldwide wristwatch market was won back by two Swiss companies by th e conclusion of the Second World War. Even though 'Allied factories' re-focused to wristwatch production after the second world war, Swiss watchmake

Violence in Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Violence in Nursing - Research Paper Example While this patient received a five-year sentence after successful prosecution in a court of law, many more such cases go unpunished, and there is continual mental and physical abuse of nurses by their patients each passing day in various medical facilities. In effect, nurses have put up with abusive behavior, and they continue to tolerate this issue on a daily basis. However, it is essential to avoid the current state of affairs to ensure that nurses played their roles and responsibilities in an enabling environment, which ensures their safety as they provide quality care. Conversely, the failure to ensure a safe environment for nurses will have adverse effects on the quality of care provided. Therefore, it is the responsibility of every stakeholder to ensure nurses' safety in the workplace. It is important to point out that there are ongoing actions to put in place measures meant to protect and punish violence in nursing. However, these measures prove not to be effective. Case in po int, a Maryland bill titled, HB 1099 - Second Degree Assault - Health Care Practitioner, sought to protect health care providers in their workplace during their line of duty. The bill, which healthcare providers were instrumental in its push, would apply to second-degree assault on a practitioner while asking for the raise in the penalty from a misdemeanor to an act of felony. Unfortunately, the judiciary committee in the house rejected the hearing of the bill. In effect, this calls for action to ensure a total protection of the nurses. Introduction The world considers health as the most important aspect that guides the development agenda in a nation. In effect, healthcare becomes the most important sector with governments of the world placing the highest priority in terms of resources and policies on healthcare. Based on the foregoing, the role of the nurse is a crucial one in the society and all over the world. In this regard, nurses play the crucial roles of educating their patie nts publicly and privately; advocacy roles essential for promoting health; rehabilitating patients, and most importantly playing the primary role of giving their patients’ the required care and support during treatment. However, it is crucial to ensure that the environment whereby the nurses operated was safe in order for them to provide quality care. Conversely, an environment that is not safe will have adverse effects on the quality of care nurses provided with the society suffering. Safety in healthcare, as in any other profession, is the most fundamental aspect in order to realize and meet the expected standards of care. In this regard, it is crucial to point out that the failure to have stiff penalties against violence impacts the role of nurses and effectively affects the quality of care. Nevertheless, aggressive and violent behavior from patients, their families, and their friends has become the norm rather than the exception on American hospitals and in the world. In effect, this underlines the importance of legislation and policies meant to penalize these incidents of violence against our nurses in hospital since they leave nurses in a state of negative psychological and emotional responses, which affect their productivity. In effect, this review of the literature seeks to investigate the effects of violence in nursing on the society.

Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis Assignment

Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis - Assignment Example More specifically, the trustees want to know the following: (1) The impacts of having a small number of stocks in the portfolio and concentrating the investment in large stocks. (2) The benefits of moving some of the investment to international securities. (3) How derivatives may be used to enhance returns and manage risk. The answer to the first concern depends on the answer to the following basic question in the minds of the charity's trustees: what is the highest possible and most realistic annual return that the investment portfolio could earn It is not easy to predict the return of a portfolio because many things could happen to funds once these are invested. To find out the realistic historical returns for various investments, investors consult the Equity and Gilt Study of Barclays (2006), which has studied this for over half a century. Figures 1 (68) and 2 (69) show how equities performed better compared to gilts and T-bills over the last century since a 100 investment in equities at end-1899 was worth 1,340,324 by end-2005. The same investment in gilts was worth 20,159 and in T-bills 17,021. When adjusted for inflation, the investment in equities would be worth 22,426; gilts 337; and T-bills 284 (Barclays, 2006, p. 62-63). This proves that the strategy of investing in equities would give the highest and most realistic return. In the year 2005, for example, equities returned 18.8% for the year, much higher than gilts (6%) and T-bills (2.7%), all figures having been adjusted for inflation. The Barclays Equity Income Index is derived from the yield of the FTSE All-Share Index because in their view, this is "the most representative method of evaluating equity performance over the period" (Barclays, 2006, p. 59). Given these pieces of information, what would be the best return that the UK charity could expect from its investments The attractiveness of any investment, whether bonds, securities, real estate, or a corner street business, depends on two variables: (1) Expected return: how much the investment would earn over a period of time; and, (2) Risk: the uncertainty that the investment would earn the expected return. One finance model used to assess an investment's attractiveness based on these two factors is the Capital Asset Pricing Model or CAPM,1 which equates expected return with the market return, the risk free rate, and the relative behaviour - defined as beta () - of the price of a security relative to the behaviour of the market. The basic criterion of CAPM is straightforward: an investment is attractive if its risk premium (the additional return over the risk-free rate) is equal to or higher than the risk of the market. Given the charity's investment portfolio = 1.03, the investment gave a return that was 3% higher than the All-Share Index return. If the All-Share Index had an 18.8% return, meaning a 1 million investment was worth 1,018,800 by year-end, the charity's investment would earn an extra 3% and would be worth 1,019,364 instead. The , however, has a downside: if the All-Share Index dropped, the value of the charity's investments would drop by an additional 3%. Why this happens is explained by risk, which affects the return of any investment. Every investment is exposed to two types of risk: the risk affected by the factors to which the business is

According to contract law, can the injured party claim damages for Essay

According to contract law, can the injured party claim damages for every loss which is caused by a breach of contract Discuss, with reference to case law - Essay Example The victim has choices. The victim may avow the agreement or accept the repudiatory breach and consider the agreement as at an end. For contracts apart from sale of goods contracts, an individual, having full breach knowledge, is perceived to affirm the contract where he decides to go on with it in any case (Png, & Stanford University, p342). The obligation to repudiate in such a scenario is finally mislaid. The responsible individual may, of course, still consider bringing an act in damages for the breach and repudiate the contract for all breaches in future. Mitigation: the party that brings the claim cannot in any way be compensated for any loss arising from his part which he may have overcome by taking the necessary actions. This is termed as the duty to mitigate. Two limbs exists in duty to mitigate which usually arise after the breach has taken place: The party complaining about contract breach should take sensible steps in order to minimize her loss; the expenses incurred in taking such steps may also be compensated, and the complainant must not take unrealistic steps that increases the amount of loss. Causation; the complainant about contract breach must prove on a scale of probabilities that the loss was as result of the breach. In most occasions, the court will often first look at what would have occurred ‘but for’ the breach. If this technique will not bare fruits in terms of having certain finding, the court will be left with the option to consider ‘lost chance’ methodology which considers any chances for what may have taken place. Remoteness; whichever loss that has occurred should not be too remote the prove recovery process to be futile. This means that damages must arise in accordance to normal happenings arising from contract breach itself or may sensibly be ought to have been in the contemplation of the involved parties when the contract was made. Hadley v

Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis Assignment

Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis - Assignment Example More specifically, the trustees want to know the following: (1) The impacts of having a small number of stocks in the portfolio and concentrating the investment in large stocks. (2) The benefits of moving some of the investment to international securities. (3) How derivatives may be used to enhance returns and manage risk. The answer to the first concern depends on the answer to the following basic question in the minds of the charity's trustees: what is the highest possible and most realistic annual return that the investment portfolio could earn It is not easy to predict the return of a portfolio because many things could happen to funds once these are invested. To find out the realistic historical returns for various investments, investors consult the Equity and Gilt Study of Barclays (2006), which has studied this for over half a century. Figures 1 (68) and 2 (69) show how equities performed better compared to gilts and T-bills over the last century since a 100 investment in equities at end-1899 was worth 1,340,324 by end-2005. The same investment in gilts was worth 20,159 and in T-bills 17,021. When adjusted for inflation, the investment in equities would be worth 22,426; gilts 337; and T-bills 284 (Barclays, 2006, p. 62-63). This proves that the strategy of investing in equities would give the highest and most realistic return. In the year 2005, for example, equities returned 18.8% for the year, much higher than gilts (6%) and T-bills (2.7%), all figures having been adjusted for inflation. The Barclays Equity Income Index is derived from the yield of the FTSE All-Share Index because in their view, this is "the most representative method of evaluating equity performance over the period" (Barclays, 2006, p. 59). Given these pieces of information, what would be the best return that the UK charity could expect from its investments The attractiveness of any investment, whether bonds, securities, real estate, or a corner street business, depends on two variables: (1) Expected return: how much the investment would earn over a period of time; and, (2) Risk: the uncertainty that the investment would earn the expected return. One finance model used to assess an investment's attractiveness based on these two factors is the Capital Asset Pricing Model or CAPM,1 which equates expected return with the market return, the risk free rate, and the relative behaviour - defined as beta () - of the price of a security relative to the behaviour of the market. The basic criterion of CAPM is straightforward: an investment is attractive if its risk premium (the additional return over the risk-free rate) is equal to or higher than the risk of the market. Given the charity's investment portfolio = 1.03, the investment gave a return that was 3% higher than the All-Share Index return. If the All-Share Index had an 18.8% return, meaning a 1 million investment was worth 1,018,800 by year-end, the charity's investment would earn an extra 3% and would be worth 1,019,364 instead. The , however, has a downside: if the All-Share Index dropped, the value of the charity's investments would drop by an additional 3%. Why this happens is explained by risk, which affects the return of any investment. Every investment is exposed to two types of risk: the risk affected by the factors to which the business is

Foundation of Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Foundation of Theology - Essay Example All the official teachings of the Church and the official documents of the Church must have their basis on these foundations of Catholic Theology. One of such official Church document is the Vatican 11 document. An analysis of the 16 documents in the Vatican 11 document shows that all the documents are based on the foundations of Catholic Theology. This paper analysis four of the 16 documents in Vatican 11 document and shows how the fathers in the Vatican 11 Council based their teachings in these four documents on the foundations of Catholic Theology. These four selected documents are Lumen Gentium, Sacrosantum Concilium, Gaudium et Spes, and Orientalium Ecclesiarum. Each of these documents deals with different and particular aspects of the life of the Catholic Church. The selected documents are well analysed and the basis of the documents on the foundations of Catholic Theology are given. Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium) The document Lumen Gentium is the document in Vatican 11 documents that gives the dogmas of the Church. An analysis of this document shows that the document is based on the foundations of Catholic Theology. To begin with, the document, Lumen Gentium, is deeply rooted in the Sacred Scriptures, i.e. every chapter of the document has its basis on the Sacred Scriptures. ... Lumen Gentium continues to show how Jesus Christ sent the gift of the Holy Spirit to the disciples on Pentecost day. The Holy Spirit, therefore, is the real authority behind the teachings of the Church for it is him who empowered and enlightened the disciples. This therefore shows that the dogmatic constitution of the Church (Lumen Gentium) has its origin in the Holy Spirit and it is, therefore, the revealed truth of God to His people. Having shown the origin of the dogmas of the Church based on the teachings of the Scriptures, the document explains the various roles of the people of God, i.e. the laity, the bishops, the priests, and the consecrated people/the religious people. All the roles of these groups of people in the Church of Jesus Christ are explained according to the teachings of the Scriptures. In nutshell, all the content of lumen Gentium is based on the Scriptures. The content of the Lumen Gentium is also rooted in the traditions of the Church. For instance, on the teach ings on the Blessed Virgin Mary and her role on the economy of Salvation, Lumen Gentium draws heavily on the traditions of the Church. Lumen Gentium confirms that Mary is, indeed, the mother of God. This confirmation is perfectly in line with the traditions of the Church that teaches that Mary is, indeed, Theotokos (Mother of God). The document also confirms that the Blessed Virgin Mary was a virgin before and even after the birth of Jesus Christ. This teaching is found in the traditions of the Church, but not directly from the Scriptures. On the role of Mary on the economy of Salvation, Lumen Gentium teaches that by obeying to be the mother of God, the Blessed Virgin Mary cooperated in the work of salvation and her role, therefore, is not merely

Commentary on Women Beware Women Essay Example for Free

Commentary on Women Beware Women Essay Beware Women is a Jacobean tragedy, which has a complex plot and deals with corrupted characters. This tragedy is about corruption in the court and life in general, love by money and how women can lead other women to destruction. As Tricomi states about the characters, they ‘are not wholly the product of their circumstances, but their circumstances condition their choices and propel them toward their destiny’. Middleton, as other Jacobean playwrights before him, has managed to point out that ‘aristocratic life is brutal and corrupt’. 2] The focus of this commentary will be concentrated on marriage and to what can lead one to fall apart. The first scene (Act I), deals with the characters of the play’s main plot: Leantio, Bianca and the Mother. In this scene, the readers come across with the insulting behaviour towards Bianca, where she is treated as an object. Leantio speaks of his wife with words of business, to him she is â€Å"the most unvalued’st purchase†.He describes her as if she was a dangerous object that must stay hidden and safe, away from the sight of men. When he talks about her, it is obvious that Bianca is for him a treasure and he is the thief that now has to hide his â€Å"best piece of theft† (I. ii) in a safe place so no one will steal it from him. Such words describing a human being are rather cruel, especially when Leantio is talking about a person for whom he is supposed to have true and pure feelings of love. Leantio is aware that Bianca’s family is rich, but he also knows that by marrying Bianca in secrecy and taking her away from them, Bianca will lose all of the property and money that belongs to her. He has also written over to her his house and put his mother in jeopardy. Although his act seems a romantic one and, even though he speaks of that relationship and feelings as being pure, his love is not mature; rather, it is one filled with jealousy. In the beginning of the play Bianca could be characterised as the victim because she has a mother-in-law who is not fond of her and does not approve their marriage and she is now imprisoned in poverty and in home. However, Bianca is ‘as much a victim as perpetrator, and she is to be judged as a tragic protagonist with a vexing mix of virtues and flaws’. [3] As seen in the plot, the Mother aids and abets in Bianca’s meeting with the Duke. The Mother and Livia hatched up a plan for Bianca’s rape and she falls into the trap, as Isabella did, but the rape was almost enticed on her part. ‘The attitude towards Bianca is one of dehumanizing possession and manipulation’. [4] But Bianca, after that, changes drastically and soon enough she becomes one of the most corrupted characters, who along with others, brings about the downfall and the final bloodshed in the play. Bianca chose money over her marriage, although, she blames the other women for her disaster. ‘Treachery and betrayal [ ] are Bianca’s terms of explanation for her downfall’. [5] Bianca is seen by her mother-in-law as an added burden to her son’s finances. The Mother’s interest is focused only on money. For the Mother, Bianca as a wife has nothing to offer, she will only demand and receive. The Mother is sizing up the economics of their situation now that there are three members in the family. Leantio can barely support himself, and up until now he had to support his mother as well. The Mother doubts that her son is able to support a family of three. She claims that nothing can save him from this financial dead end by saying â€Å"My life can give you But little helps, and my death lesser hopes† (I. i). The Mother thinks of Bianca, as for every other wife, that she will require from Leantio â€Å"maintenance† (I. ii) fitting to her â€Å"birth and virtues† (I. ii), but also gratification of her desire for â€Å"affections, wills, and humours† (I. ii). [6] Leantio then expresses his intentions towards Bianca, by replying to his mother’s words, pleading with her not to â€Å"teach her to rebel† (I. ii) now that â€Å"she’s in a good way to obedience† (I. ii). Leantio’s â€Å"assurance† (I. ii), of keeping his â€Å"jewel† (I. ii) locked away â€Å"from all men’s eyes† (I. ii), is his mother. She is the one who holds the â€Å"key† (I. i) to his â€Å"treasure† (I. ii), and â€Å"old mothers† (I. ii) are â€Å"good to look to keys† (I. ii) when â€Å"sons lock chests† (I. ii). However, the irony here is that later on, it’s the Mother herself who pushes Bianca towards rape with the Duke, first to get rid of her, but then to accrue some of the benefits from the court life for herself and her son. Bianca is to Leantio nothing but an object of â€Å"great value† (I. ii), a â€Å"matchless jewel† (I. ii) that he has stolen. Because â€Å"temptation is a devil will not stick to fasten upon a saint† (I. ii), Leantio’s â€Å"gem† (I. ii) must stay hidden and locked. This is the â€Å"great policy† (I. i) for Leantio in order to never lose a treasure; never â€Å"show thieves our wealth† (I. ii). Bianca is the â€Å"treasure† (I. ii), Leantio is the â€Å"thief† (I. ii), and the â€Å"key† (I. ii) to his happiness holds his mother, thus, it could be said that the chest with the key is symbolic of Leantio and Bianca’s relationship. To conclude, this tragedy proves that women should beware women. Women lead other women to destruction, and are even responsible for another woman’s rape. Corruption and enemies are present everywhere but, as Bianca says in her dying breath, â€Å"Like our own sex, we have no enemy†.

An Inspector Calls Essay -- English Literature

An Inspector Calls 'An Inspector Calls' is a play written by JB Priestley in 1945 and set in 1912. Priestley demonstrates his concern with moral responsibility and his beliefs in Socialist values through the character of the Inspector, whom he uses as a mouthpiece throughout the play. He voices his opinions on these issues using this technique, and they are shown by the way the Inspector deals with the Birling family and are exemplified by the obstacles to social harmony in which the Inspector has to face before coming to a suitable and justifiable conclusion. The play was written in 1945 - within a week of World War Two ending - but set in 1912, when Britain still had its Empire and was doing very well financially. The time span between the two dates is Priestley's way of expressing a feeling of urgency he thought necessary to pass on to society after the events of 1945. Although the war had ended, society in Britain in 1945 was still experiencing the hardships that it had brought. New books were printed under the wartime economy regulations, continuing the shortage of paper and therefore resulting in the books being expensive - too expensive for any working class person to purchase. However, in 1912 some things were different. Society did not have the burden of the war hanging over their heads, but life for the poor did not differ much from 1945. Edwardian society was strictly divided into social classes; below the very rich were the middle classes, such as doctors, merchants, shop workers and clerks. After that came the craftsman and skilled workers, and at the very bottom of the social ladder was the largest class of all - the ordinary workers and the poor, many of whom lived below the poverty... .... It is also contradictory to a section of one of Arthur Birling's speeches: "By the way some of these cranks talk and write now, you'd think everybody has to look after everybody else" which is the complete opposite to what the Inspector is announcing. The passage also anticipates World War One, in the sense that at the very end, the Inspector says "if men will not learn that lesson, they will be taught it in fire and blood and anguish" - this, to the Birlings, is a prophetic statement, but the reader and audience are aware of it as it has already come to pass. To emphasise that idea, the Inspector lengthens the list of words he mentions; instead of just using a comma between "fire" and "blood", he chooses to use 'and', which sensationalises the comment and makes it sound somewhat more important than if he had just normally listed those specific words.

Analogues of a Fabliau Essay -- Chaucer Canterbury Tales Fabliau Essay

Analogues of a Fabliau Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales in many different genres and from a variety of sources. He took ideas from other authors and made them his own through adding and changing details, which in turn could cause the meaning of the story to change. The adaptations could alter the tone of the story; it could be made more sarcastic, humorous or serious. He also wrote in many different genres. One genre that Chaucer worked with is the fabliau. A fabliau is a short story that is usually written in verse about low or middle class people. It is more obscene than other stories, primarily through sexual situations. It is presented to be comical against marriage. The sexual obscenity became more vulgar as it was written down, because only then was there more of a separation between courtly and vulgar actions. (Muscatine 568-570) Benson describes the fabliau as, â€Å"a brief comic tale in verse, usually scurrilous and often scatological or obscene. The style is simple, vigorous, and straight-forward...† (7) One critic, Charles Muscatine, believes that the old French fabliau lacked much plot structure. (Vaszily, 523-542) However, one element like this is insufficient to classify in a genre. There are other short stories that are kept short and concise that are not fabliaux. Also, another trait of fabliaux is that the humor is â€Å"attached to the structure itse lf† rather than in â€Å"the way in which the story is told.† (Vaszily) One common plot for a fabliau is a love triangle. The triangle is often formed with an old husband, a young wife and another young man. As Vaszily points out, though, Chaucer has other tales that are not fabliaux, which have this plot. Muscatine refers to the content of fa... ...rk, 1971. Bodel, Jean. â€Å"Gombert and the Two Clerks.† 1190-1194: Pp. 89-99 Anonymous. â€Å"The Miller and the Two Clerks.† Thirteenth Century. Blanch, Robert J and Wasserman, Julian N. â€Å"The Advocate: Law, fabliaux, and the journey to modernism.† Literature/Film Quarterly. Salsbury, 2001: 303-315. Dunn, E Catherine. â€Å"The spirit of the fourteenth century.† Modern Age. Wilmington, Summer 2001: 268-271. Muscatine, Charles. â€Å"Medieval Literature, Style and Culture: Essays by Charles Muscatine.† Journal of English and Germanic Philology. Urbana, Oct 2001: 568-570. The Geoffrey Chaucer Home Page. URL: http://icg.fas.harvard.edu/~chaucer Copyright President and Fellows of Harvard College. Last Modified: Jan 20, 2002. Vaszily, Scott. â€Å"Fabliau plotting against romance in Chaucer’s Knight’s Tale.† Style. Dekalb, Fall 1997: 523-542.

Ancient Greek Music Essay

Ancient Greek music was extremely popular in those times, and frequently used at ceremonies such as weddings and funerals. It was also played a lot because the Greeks saw playing it as a way of worshipping the Gods, pipes and pans were played when worshipping Dionysus, the god of wine and partying and other instruments played for other gods. The word ‘music’ comes from the muses who were daughters of Zeus and were known to be the goddesses of the inspiration of literature, science and the arts. Although no-one actually knows what ancient Greek music sounded like, they do know what instruments were played. There were: The lyre- an ancient stringed instrument played by the Greeks, the word comes from the Greek ÃŽ »Ã Ã ÃŽ ± The aulos- two double-reed pipes, played with a mouth band to hold the reeds steadily next to the musicians lips The kithara- also a stringed instrument, but more complicated than the lyre. Another difference was that it was played with a plectrum. T he Hydraulis- The first instrument, The Lyre The origins of the Lyre The Lyre was one of the first ever stringed musical instruments and was invented by the Greeks. Traditionally, the original lyres soundbox was made from a tortoise shell and then two, sometimes hollow, wooden arms extended up. The origin of the lyre is tied in with a Greek myth. When Hermes was born, he crawled out of his cradle and found a tortoise shell. He killed and then stretched a cow skin around the shell then stuck two horns in. Then to finish off he attached some strings to the instrument. When his parents found out they were very angry until they heard the music from the lyre and forgave him for killing the cow. There are several variants of the story. In one he steals an entire flock of cows. The Structure of a lyre Poor Greek musicians would have their instrument’s soundbox made from tortoise shells (these were called barbitos or a lyre) and richer ones would use wood for their sound box (these were called kitharas or phorminxes). Although the instruments had different names they were all essentially lyres, just in different but similar forms. Mythology and the Lyre Greek mythology and music were greatly related, mainly because people saw music as a way to worship the gods. The lyre was the most common in these stories. Orpheus and his Lyre Orpheus is the son of Apollo, god of music, and therefore was gifted with musical talent. Apollo gave Orpheus his first lyre and with it Orpheus charmed everything animate and inanimate, from birds to rocks. He even helped the Argonauts on their journeys, saving their lives many a time with his music. He fell in love with a nymph called Eurydice and charmed her with his music. They were a very happy couple and decided to get married. But their love was short lived as after the ceremony Eurydice was bitten by a snake and died. Orpheus was terribly sad and mourned her death for years. Finally he decided to go to the underworld to get her back. He travelled down and got past Cerberus using his music. He played his lyre in front of Hades and the music was so sweet it even softened the lord of the dead’s heart. He begged hades to let him have Eurydice back and Hades said â€Å"yes, but on one condition, on the way back up you must not look back at Eurydice or she will be stuck in hell forever.† Orpheus agreed. On the way back he did not look back, even though he desperately wanted to. They were just at the mouth of the living world and Orpheus stepped out, happy that they had made it. He looked back to share this moment with Eurydice but she was still in the land of the dead and was instantly dragged back to hell. Orpheus was sadder than ever and travelled aimlessly, his only companion his lyre. But he was murdered by a group of maenads who ripped him apart and threw his head and lyre into the river. His Lyre and head travelled down until it reached the shore of lesbos, whose people buried his head and threw his lyre up into the sky to make a star constellation.

Remember the Titans, Directed by Boaz Yakin: Describing the Character of Gerry Bertier Essay

The film ‘Remember the Titans’ directed by Boaz Yakin filmed in the year 2000. in this essay I will describe how a character changes throughout the movie. the character I have chosen is Gerry Bertier the captain of the titans football team, in the movie Gerry changes from races to against racism. At the start of the film Remember the Titans, Gerry Bertier rushers to a fight against black people this is how Boaz Yakin explains that Gerry Bertier is racist because Gerry rusher into a fight without knowing the reason why the fight broke out. In my own opinion I think Gerry is racist because he is going to fight because he is white and he is against black people, so were Ray, Allen and the others that followed their captain Gerry Bertier into the fight. Half way through the movie when the titan’s football team is on camp Julius challenges Gerry because ray isn’t blocking for Rev (black football player) and Julius mentions to Gerry â€Å"attitude reflects leadership† Gerry then looks at Julius and starts to realise that what he is doing is wrong. I think what Julius said changed Gerry’s perspective because he looked shocked and he realises that he has to do something about Ray not blocking for Rev because he could get hurt and he needs to change his attitude to become a better captain. The morning after Julius’s and Gerry’s argument, coach Boone wakes the team up at 3am in the morning all coach Boones says is don’t get lost on the way, the team set out on a early morning run, coach Boone leads them to Gettysburg where he tells them about what happened there, when coach Boone is talking the director has captured a close up shot of Gerry that film technique shows the audience that Gerry is listening to coach Boone, later on in the film it proves that he listen to coach Boone because Gerry tells Ray off for not blocking he tells him to block Rev and Julius see that he is trying to change his perspective in how Gerry sees black people they look at each other and smile then Gerry taps Julius on the shoulder and says â€Å"this is left side† Julius replies with â€Å"strong side† they repeat those word over and over again. I think that Gerry is now realising that to become a great captain he has to overcome all the racism and work toget her in order for the team to achieve success. One of the games Ray ends up letting the opposition through and Rev gets hit and he breaks his wrist Ray acts like he doesn’t know what happened but Gerry knew that Ray didn’t block on purpose because at the start of the film Ray says to Gerry â€Å"I’m just buying my time† and Julius realises that he wasn’t going to block for Rev because he was black Julius tried warning Gerry and that’s how Gerry knew he didn’t block on purpose. After the game Gerry says to Ray â€Å" your off the team Ray† Gerry has kicked Ray off the team that’s shows that he has changed and he is non-racist no more by kicking ray off the team it also shows that he is putting the team before himself. I think that he has finally changed his perspective about racism. In conclusion, the director Boaz Yakin has made the audience realise that the main character that changed for the good of things was Gerry Bertier he went from racist to non-racist he overc ame many obstacles and he united his football team the titans.

Water Scarcity & The Importance Of Water Essay

Clean, safe drinking water is scarce. Today, nearly 1 billion people in the developing world don’t have access to it. Yet, we take it for granted, we waste it, and we even pay too much to drink it from little plastic bottles. Water is the foundation of life. And still today, all around the world, far too many people spend their entire day searching for it. In places like sub-Saharan Africa, time lost gathering water and suffering from water-borne diseases is limiting people’s true potential. Education is lost to sickness. Economic development is lost while people merely try to survive. But it doesn’t have to be like this. It’s needless suffering. WHAT IS WATER SCARCITY? More than just a lack of water†¦ Simply put, water scarcity is either the lack of enough water (quantity) or lack of access to safe water (quality). It’s hard for most of us to imagine that clean, safe water is not something that can be taken for granted. But, in the developing world, finding a reliable source of safe water is often time consuming and expensive. This is known as economic scarcity. Water can be found†¦it simply requires more resources to do it. In other areas, the lack of water is a more profound problem. There simply isn’t enough. That is known as physical scarcity. The problem of water scarity is a growing one. As more people put ever increasing demands on limited supplies, the cost and effort to build or even maintain access to water will increase. And water’s importance to political and social stability will only grow with the crisis. WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT When water comes, everything changes†¦ Education When students are freed from gathering water, they return to class. With proper and safe latrines, girls stay in school through their teenage years. Health Safe water, clean hands, healthy bodies. Time lost to sickness is reduced and people can get back to the work of lifting themselves out of poverty. Hunger Access to water leads to food security. With less crop loss, hunger is reduced. Schools can feed students with gardens, reducing costs. Poverty Access to water can break the cycle of poverty. The communities we serve are ready to grow. We can’t wait to see how they choose to do it. WHAT CAN BE DONE TO HELP? See how we’re working to address the water crisis in Africa In some places, it is simply dry. Water is hard to find. In others, this most critical need is literally only a few feet below ground waiting to sustain life. The Water Project, Inc. is a non-profit organization working to provide access to clean water to people in developing nations who suffer needlessly without it. With our team of supporters we’re funding clean water projects like water wells and rain catchment systems. â€Å"The old water source gets salty in rainy season and people could not drink it. The new water well is good, it has clean water and is located closer to the community.† Edison N – Farmer The Water Project: Kinama II The new water is very clean compared with the old one because people were getting diseases due to the bad water. Now this is helpful to the people in this village we are happy and many thanks to God and the people providing water for us. Water scarcity From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia â€Å"In Meatu district, Shinyanga region, Tanzania, water most often comes from open holes dug in the sand of dry riverbeds, and it is invariably contaminated.† Physical water scarcity and economic water scarcity by country. 2006 Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region. It already affects every continent and around 2.8 billion people around the world at least one month out of every year. More than 1.2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water.[1] Water scarcity involves water stress, water shortage or deficits, and water crisis. While the concept of water stress is relatively new, it is the difficulty of obtaining sources of fresh water for use during a period of time and may result in further depletion and deterioration of available water resources.[2] Water shortages may be caused by climate change, such as altered weather patterns includingdroughts or floods, increased pollution, and increased human demand and overuse of water.[3] A water crisis is a situation where the available potable, unpolluted water within a region is less than that region’s demand.[4] Water scarcity is being driven by two converging phenomena: growing freshwater use and depletion of usable freshwater resources.[5] Water scarcity can be a result of two mechanisms: physical (absolute) water scarcity and economic water scarcity, where physical water scarcity is a result of inadequate natural water resources to supply a region’s demand, and economic water scarcity is a result of poor management of the sufficient available water resources. According to the United Nations Development Programme, the latter is found more often to be the cause of countries or regions experiencing water scarcity, as most countries or regions have enough water to meet household, industrial, agricultural, and environmental needs, but lack the means to provide it in an accessible manner.[6] The reduction of water scarcity is a goal of many countries an d governments. The UN recognizes the importance of reducing the number of people without sustainable access to clean water and sanitation. The Millennium Development Goals within the United Nations Millennium Declaration state that by 2015 they resolve to â€Å"halve the proportion of people who are unable to reach or to afford safe drinking water. Physical and economic scarcity Around one fifth of the world’s population currently live in regions affected  by Physical water scarcity, where there is inadequate water resources to meet a country’s or regional demand, including the water needed to fulfill the demand of ecosystems to function effectively.[6] Arid regions frequently suffer from physical water scarcity. It also occurs where water seems abundant but where resources are over-committed, such as when there is over development of hydraulic infrastructure for irrigation. Symptoms of physical water scarcity include environmental degradation and declining groundwater as well as other forms of exploitation or overuse. Economic water scarcity is caused by a lack of investment in infrastructure or technology to draw water from rivers, aquifers or other water sources, or insufficient human capacity to satisfy the demand for water. One quarter of the world’s population is affected by economic water scarcity. Symptoms of economic water scarcity include a lack of infrastructure, causing the people without reliable access to water to have to travel long distances in or fetch water, that is often contaminated from rivers for domestic and agricultural uses. Large parts of Africa suffer from economic water scarcity; developing water infrastructure in those areas could therefore help to reduce poverty. Critical conditions often arise for economically poor and politically weak communities living in already dry environment.

Leadership Theories In Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership Theories In Nursing - Research Paper Example The researcher states that transformational leadership is so called because it presupposes that a transformational leader change, for the better, the working environment around her or him. Specifically, the transformation occurs in the balance of the tension between production and efficiency, the creation and sustenance of trust in the workplace, the management of the process of change and engaging the followers to participate in decision-making. This is because a transformational leader is someone who inspires others, is a visionary who knows how to motivate others and is energetic and radiates these characteristics to his followers. Authentic leadership, on the other hand, seems to be leaning towards the opposite direction as its main focus is the relationship between him and his followers. The authentic leader deliberately develops a closer bond with his followers so he can inspire them to do their jobs better. Evidently, no one leadership theory is superior to others at all times . The main argument against situational theories, for example, is that they are focused on attempting to define relationships between leaders and their followers. Nonetheless, situational leadership theories have an edge over the style leadership theories in that they aspire to adapt themselves to the circumstances at hand. In the field of healthcare particularly, situations are hardly set and fixed. Healthcare leaders deal with varied situations on a daily basis and must be prepared to deal with contingencies at all times.

Paper on Elder Abuse Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Elder Abuse - Research Paper Example They may not see or hear also or sense as clearly as they used to, leaving chances for immoral people to get benefit from them. Psychological or physical disorders may make them more demanding companions for those who live with them. A large number of elders all over the United States are   being abused: harmed in some considerable way often by people who are directly liable for their care. Over half a million accounts of abuse against elderly Americans get to concerned authorities each year, and millions more cases go unheard. Elder abuse is likely to occur where the senior resides; most frequently within the home where abusers are likely to be grown person; other relatives, for instance, grandchildren; or spouses of elders. Institutional situations particularly continuing care services can as well be sources of elder abuse. Every year many older individuals are badly treated, ignored, as well as subjugated. Several sufferers are people who are elder, weak, as well as defenseless and cannot help themselves and rely heavily on others to meet even their most fundamental requirements. Abusers of elder people are both males and females, and may be relatives, friends, or â€Å"trusted others† (Ulsperger & Knottnerus, 2010). Executors of elder abuse can incorporate any person in a position of dependence, power or influence. Family members, neighbors and associates, are all collectively known as relations of dependence, whether the older adult really consider people as reliable or not. A number of perpetrators may groom an older person by building a bond with them, with the intention of establishing a bond of dependence. Older people staying unaccompanied who have no grown children living near are mainly susceptible to ‘grooming’ by neighbors and friends who would look forward to to get control of their assets. The greater part of abusers is family members, usually the older adult's spouse or offspring, even though the form of abuse varies in ac cordance with the relationship. In several circumstances, â€Å"the abuse is domestic violence grown old, a situation in which the abusive behavior of a spouse or partner continues into old age† (Sandell & Hudson, 2010). During the year 2006, â€Å"the International Network for Prevention of Elder Abuse (INPEA) selected June 15 as World Elder Abuse Awareness Day (WEAAD)† (Sandell & Hudson, 2010) and a growing number of events are organized around the globe on this day to increase knowledge of elder abuse, and draw attention towards ways to confront such abuse. Types of elder abuse Physical abuse Physical elder abuse is non-accidental use of strength against an aged individual that causes physical hurt, wound, or injury. This sort of abuse incorporates not just physical attacks such as beating or pushing but the unsuitable use of medicines, restraints, or detention. Emotional abuse In emotional or psychosomatic elder abuse, people talk to or treat aged individuals in wa ys that become reason for emotional hurt or grief. Verbal types of emotional elder abuse consist of threatening by shouting or warnings, dishonor and ridicule, and usual blaming or ‘scapegoating’. Nonverbal emotional elder abuse can take the shape of disregarding the elderly individual, separating an elder from associates or activities, and frightening or intimidating the elderly person. Disregard or rejection from caregivers Elder disregard, failure to carry out a caretaking responsibility, forms over half of all reported cases of elder abuse. It can be active (also known as

Economic downturn hits Oz Clothing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Economic downturn hits Oz Clothing - Essay Example In the near future, there are also indications that the government will provide further empowerment to labor unions such as the CWU in light of its newly instituted Industrial Relations policy. Economic – The global economy is experiencing a critical downturn, resulting in the cancellation of orders by large retailers who are in turn affected by poor consumer demand. The high cost structure of the firm, particularly its labor, is rendering the firm uncompetitive against rival firms operating in regimes that allow them a lower cost structure. The Australian garments industry may not be able to secure additional bailout funds from the government as it has already released a large amount of funding for this purpose, and is itself deep in public debt which it may not wish to increase further. Social – The Australian Council of Trade Unions plans to mount a campaign to â€Å"buy local† which may be joined in by other non-governmental organizations and special interest groups. The ultimate objective is evidently to create a broad-based, society-wide demand for local products in order for demand to support more profitable business operations for Australian firms. To jump start the process, however, the initial objective is to secure the commitment of federal, state and local governments to give preference to products that have been made in Australia. Technological – The industry’s production method is low-skilled and labor intensive, for which reason it is prone to easy replication in countries that have a large labor base that are able to command a lower labor cost. Such a country is China, which has successfully mass... The paper tells that the business of Oz clothing has entered a period of economic uncertainty, requiring the need for a strategic change in order to survive. The Australian firm manufactures clothing items among which are underwear lines it describes as commodity type, indicating the lack of distinguishing characteristics or brand name from other mass produced, basic clothes wear. Oz Clothing will be undertaking a bold, risky, yet in the long run necessary, strategic change that promises to create short-term uncertainties for the company, but greater stability and growth in the distant future. A shift of market focus may prove beneficial; it is suggested that the firm design products for the senior consumers (50 years old and above), which is the fastest growing and most wealthy segment of society. The change will involve dramatic alterations in the firm’s products, for which its old manufacturing processes may no longer be applicable. A change in the skills set needed will th erefore have to be acquired by the employees, for which training and mentoring will need to be done. Secondly, the firm will need to create a bond of trust between itself and its employees, and conduct business in a transparent way with its employees, in case there will be a need to engage them to agree to a pay reduction or shorter work week for the duration of the crisis. Furthermore, in order to avoid demotivation or labor union disputes, it will be necessary to frankly approach the matter of possible layoffs and work stoppages if such will be warranted by the firm’s financial situation.