Gay Marriage in the United States Research Paper

Gay Marriage in the fall in States - Research Paper ExampleIn addition, the paper shall provide the young opinion polls on the subject and scrutinize the findings. Gay marriage in the United has hit debates with a lot of controversies on the subject. The United States comprises of more or less 50 evokes. Six states in the United States allow marriage between same sexes. The states include Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, Lowa, and New Hampshire. Thirty nine states have verboten comical marriage. Five states Hawaii, De equityare, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Illinois have approved the cultured unions of gay marriage. In addition, some states that legalized gay marriage enacted the civic Union laws (Graff, 1999, p.175). Vermont received the starting civil Union in the year 2000. The supreme court of the state passed a ruling requiring the state to recognize couples of the same sex. The matter would be leftover to the legislature to legalize forms of relationship including gay marriage. The legislature, receiving force from then Governor, selected the civil unions against marriage as a measure that could be compromising. On July 1, 2000, the act took effect. The complaisant Unions putz became effective in September 2009. Connecticut legislature legalized civil unions in the year 2005 devoid of the court order. The effect of the law took place in October 2008, designated by the Connecticut governor. The Supreme Court of Connecticut favored the ruling in the year 2008. In the year 2010, on 12th November, all the civil unions automatically became marriages. The New Jersey state legalized the civil unions through Its Supreme Court ruling. The ruling required both same-sex and opposite-sex couples to receive similar benefits. The Act of the Civil Union took effect on 19th February the year 2007. Although, the gay rights groups stated their dissatisfaction in the law, they undertook measures to enhance same-sex marriage. Illinois house passed a bill of the Civil Union on 30th November the year 2010. On maiden December, 2010, the senate of Illinois approved the bill. Pat Quinn, the governor signed the law on 31st January, 2011. The law became effective on 1st June 2011. The house of New Hampshire passed the Civil Union bill on 4th April 2007. The bill gave equal rights to both the heterosexual and homosexual couples. The senate of the New Hampshire approved the bill of the Civil Union on 26th April 2006. Governor Lynch signed the law on 31st May 2007. The state embraced same-sex unions with no court order. The law of the Civil Union took effect on 1st January 2008. The state of Hawaii in the United States has presented reciprocal beneficiary registration for adults prohibited from marrying by the state law. This has been effective since the year 1997. Both different-sex and same-sex couples have access to benefits and a limited number of rights. These rights include workers compensation, inheritance rights, health insuran ce, pension, and the right to litigate for wrongful death. On 23rd February 2011, the Governor, Neil, signed a bill sanctioning Civil Unions. The law became effective on 1st January 2012. On April 14, 2011, Delaware House passed the legislation legalizing Civil Unions for gay marriage. The governor designated the bill and it took effect on 1st January, 2012. Rhode Island passed the Civil Unions bill on 1st July 2011. Since the year 1997, the subject of gay marriage in the United States strike debates where the state legislators have formulated decisions. The debates over

Choose an artist (painter, sculptor, or architect) from the Research Paper

Choose an artist (painter, sculptor, or architect) from the renascence Era to - Research Paper lawsuitThe era witnessed a complete new pattern of color scheme, theme, motif and formation that the European history of art has never witnessed before. Renaissance art became a distinct school of art and with its deviation from its predecessors and evolved almost as a new genre of art form. Renaissance as a concept evoked the rebirth of the ancient tradition and with this perception this genre of art took classical antiquity as the foundation of its art form. However, the artists associated with the school transformed the tradition by incorporating modern techniques pertaining to science which was witnessed as the recent developments during the breaker point in the northern half of the Europe. This was manifested by the use of contemporary scientific knowledge and techniques. Gradually Renaissance art amalgamated with Renaissance Humanist Philosophy and as a coherent and integrated form spread throughout the continent of Europe. This newer concept influenced non only the artists and the sculptors but also spectacularly moved their patrons who started taking great interest in the new form of painting. With the explicit use of newer techniques and developed fastidious sensibilities, the Renaissance art stands as a milestone in the trajectory of the history of art as the Europe witnessed a transition from the mediaeval period to an early modern age (Hartt, 1970). Leonardo da Vinci The Great Renaissance Painter Leonardo da Vinci, a multi-faceted archetypal Renaissance man was a genius. He was at the same time, a painter, sculptor, artist, scientist, botanist, architect, musician, writer, engineer, inventor, mathematician, anatomist, geologist and cartographer. His unquenchable curiosity launched him to a paradigm of genius (Gardner, 1970, pp. 450-456). He was well known for his feverish inventive solidification of mind and imagination. Born in the year 1452, Vinci illuminated the world and served the society with all his expertise from myriad domains till the year 1519. Leonardo da Vinci is considered to be the greatest painter and perhaps the most widely and diversely talented personality of all times (IEEE, n.d.). Helen Gardner, the famous art historian lots about the great man in the following words, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent and his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, the man himself mysterious and remote (Gardner, 1970, pp. 450-456). But Marco Rosci contends that the vision of Leonardo should not be considered as something mysterious, rather it is essentially logical in the eyes of Rosci and he believed that the empirical methods which Leonardo employed were unusual in his contemporary era (Rosci, 1977, p. 8). Leonardo da Vinci is primarily known for his path-breaking Renaissance paintings. Leonardo is well-known for his supreme masterpieces which despite of his diversified expertise has captiv ated his appellation and fame even after four hundred years of his survival. Leonardos paintings as a product from the school of Renaissance painting is always comprehended and discussed at a great length by the patron, connoisseurs and critics of art. The explicit use of light and his detailed knowledge of anatomy which he used extensively in his paintings reached the masterpieces at a different dimension. His knowledge of botany and geology also becomes evident through his paintings and his interest on physiognomy well reflected through the minute lines and curves his paintings bear. The greatest

Capturing the knowledge of individuals Assignment

Capturing the knowledge of individuals - Assignment ExampleThis one challenge is the one that quarters the modern expert systems to be otiose to operate like humans do. Although these systems be not entirely perfect for delivering ends like human beings, they do have a number of useful elements that energise it worth investing in them. These knowledge systems can be used to help the organization on knowledge management. According to Malhotra (2000) one of the biggest advantages in the random variable of knowledge with these systems is that, unlike human experts, they dont leave the firm and they dont die. Knowledge and expertise held by these systems can stay in the organization forever as long as it is protected from physical damage. They therefore provide the firm with consistence knowledge over time and are able to make sure that this knowledge is always available. It is prudent for any firm to invest in this system because even if they cannot replace the experts completely, they are very useful in knowledge management. Expert systems are knowledge systems which helps the organization to not only store information but to also utilize it. They make it possible for the organization to store useful expert knowledge which can then be used by other experts and aids in decision making. The main importance of expert systems is that when correctly used, they advance the information from the experts of the organization and store this information in the form of knowledge. These systems dont just gather information and data but rather.

Assess the representation of women in eighteenth-century literature Essay

Assess the representation of women in eighteenth-century literature - Essay ExampleWe might take issue with this, but it is easy to see why the novel has been such a keen topic for feminist criticism. In Sense and Sensibility, Austen draws on her own experiences as a young woman to visualise the position of women deprived of economic means. It is of course notable that Austen was herself a rarity at the time an independent female writer, and Sense and Sensibility, her first published novel, was earlier published under the pseudonym, A Lady. Defoes gun moll Flanders, like several of his other novels, is presented in the form of an autobiography. The character, in this case Moll, is looking book binding on her life and, as Pollak suggests, is attempting to make sense of it through the act of writing (p.139). There is some question over the position of Defoe in presenting the unfairness and deprivation of Molls past life. Through writing, is he attempting to discourage such immoral ity by exposing it to the light of day and public criticism, or is he taking advantage of the excitement readers feel for the forbidden, the lowlife, and the illicit. The latter is surely the case to some extent. There is even some question as to the sincerity of Molls conversion from immorality. Defoe writes that she is no longer so extraordinary a Penitent, as she was at first (p.5). ... a tool to make the story bulge more genuine and authentic for readers, it is possible that Defoe is leaving room for doubt as to his own opinions on women and the position they are given in the baseball club of his novels. As Pollak writes, this ploy works subtly and perhaps surprisingly to unsettle the very truths about gender that his plots seem to affirm (p.141). At this juncture, it is worth recalling the name in which Defoe, writing as the editor of Molls racy account, describes the severe thornyy faced in his task. He has had no little difficult to put it Molls account into a Dress fit t o be seen, and to make it speak language fit to be read. When a Woman debauchd from her Youth, nay, even being the Off-spring of Debauchery and Vice, comes to give an Account of all her vicious Practices...an Author must be hard put to wrap it up so clean (p.1). There is an air here of Moll being a fallen woman, and being tainted by all that she has engaged in. In this stimulant by the editor, there is an even a sense of his distaste at handling such material. However, as noted above, at many points Defoe continues to be dubious about his own opinion of Moll and her failings. We are left with the fundamental question is she an immoral soul, or a woman forced by the mountain of her gender to stoop to low acts in order to seek independence. Defoe adopts a similarly ambiguous position in his presentation of the prescribed roles for women in modern society. Moll recounts, in the course of her account, being mocked as a child for believing that she could one day become a gentlewoman by running(a) for an honest livelihood. In this instance, we must ask, as does Pollak, Is the older, more experienced Moll simply exposing her earlier childish ignorance

Management Evolution Essay Example for Free

Management Evolution EssayThe evolution of precaution can be traced back to the start of the Industrial Revolution. Management and leading abilities were not view of as learnable skills but derived from ones heredity. There did not exist the need for a speculation of management leaders were born, not do. (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 14). This judgment unheeded the need for a written theory of management and focused on the practice itself. As industrialization increased and spread, enigmas related to the factory system began to appear. giant numbers of run forers were needed to keep up with the rapid economic expansion.Many of these workers were immigrant, unskilled, and non-English speaking. Managers did not know how to train these employees. This led to a scientific study of management and to what is today known as management theory. Classical School of Management The first management theory, Scientific Management, arose because of a need to increase worker cleverness and productivity. Emphasis of this court was placed on the beaver way to get the most work accomplished. Focus was on examining the work process and developing the skills of the workforce.The serious music teach owes its origins to several contributors including Frederick Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry Gantt, and Mary Parker Follet. Frederick Taylor is often referred to as the father of scientific management. He intendd that organizations should study and gain an understanding of work and develop precise procedures to nail it. Taylor believed that economic prosperity could only be achieved by supreme worker productivity, which in turn, would be the product of do workers much in effect(p) (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 5).By analyzing both lineage through scientific remarks, he felt there was only one best way of doing a job. He believed managers should study each job and determine the minimum necessary steps needed to complete it. Individuals step would be anal yzed to determine the most efficient way of performing it. Managers would then total the time of each individual task to determine the optimum amount of time necessary to complete the sin slight task. Workers would then follow the precise instructions of management.If tasks were not completed in the optimal amount of given, workers were removed from the job. He believed this system gave managers power over workers. Workers could no longer resist management demands. Managers possessed the knowledge and workers performed their detailed steps. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were a husband and wife team that studied job motions. The Gilbreths are considered pioneers in making use of motion studies to improve worker efficiency (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 16).Frank analyzed worker actions to determine the best possible mode of performing a given job. When he understood all the motions, he would seek to improve the efficiency of each action and reduce the number of motions required to accomp lish the joba process called job simplification (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 16). Managers would then select, train, and develop workers with devised procedures. Lillian extended this theory into the home in an effort to determine the ideal way to complete household tasks. Henry Gantt positive the Gantt chart a work scheduling chart that measures planned and completed work along throughout each constitute of completion.The Gantt chart is a powerful planning and evaluation tool used by managers. He believed inefficiency was a result of management unrealistic production standards. consort to Gantt, work standards should be determined by scientific observation and measurement, and only then may realistic work standards be set (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 17). Gantt also believed that workers should be rewarded for good work through a bonus system. He felt that workers would be more productive and achieve higher levels of production if there was an incentive. To impel workers to go b eyond the daily production quotas, he pioneered the use of a production bonus (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 18).Gantt also focused on the importance of quality leadership and management skills and their relationship to building effective industrial organizations. Mary Parker Follet is often referred to as the mother of conflict resolution. Her research and writings pointed to a collaborative access to problem solving that advocated compromise (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 17). Follet focused on the importance of establishing and developing common goals within the workplace.She believed workers should be allowed to participate in the decision making process. She believed workers could and would comply and follow managements logical requests without beingness given too many orders workers should not be micromanaged. The classical approach to management theory had asserted that the key to worker efficiency and organizational productivity was efficient job design, use of appropriate incen tives, and effective managerial functioning (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 23).This approach accentuate the work elements and eliminated the kind dimensions. Behavioral School of Management The behavioral approach stresses that effective management will come from an understanding of the worker (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 23). Emphasis of this approach is based on the belief that every human being has social and physiological needs which affect performance and motivation. Focus was on improve the egoism and self-confidence of the workforce. Contributors to the behavioral school include Elton Mayo, Chester Barnard, and Douglas McGregor. Elton Mayo was the founder of the human relations movement. Mayo concluded that factors other than the physical aspects of work had the power of improving production.These factors related to the interrelationships between workers and individual psychology (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 25). Mayo believed that if workers were treated with respect and thei r needs were being met, they would be more productive and their work would be more efficient therefore both the employee and management would benefit. Mayo is known for his work conducted at the Western Electric Company in Chicago known as the Hawthorne Experiments. He was able to prove that the relationship that employees become with management directly affects productivity.He concluded that management needed to be more directly problematical with employees. Chester Barnard developed the acceptance theory of management, which focuses managerial authority. He believed that employees themselves determined if managerial order is legitimate and acceptable. He felt that in order for employees to accept that managers have legitimate authority to act, they essential first understand the communication they receive from management. Employees must also feel that the communication that is received is consistent with the organizations purpose.Bernard believed that managers needed to share a common purpose and express a willingness to cooperate with the employees. Douglas McGregor, in distinguishing between the pessimistic Theory X view of employees and the plausive Theory Y, had a dramatic impact on management theory and practice (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 27). Theory X which characterized the views of Taylor is based on the assumption that the average human being dislikes work and that because of this dislike they must be threatened and controlled before they will work.Theory X also assumes that the average person desires security and prefers being directed. Average people dislike responsibility and have little ambition. Theory Y which characterized the views of Mayo is based on the assumption that if a job is gratifying and the working conditions are good, then the worker will be committed to the organization. Theory Y also assumes that if the average worker is committed, then they will not only accept, but seek responsibility. McGregor believed that managers sho uld operate with the belief that workers will contribute more to an organization if they feel valued and are treated responsibly.The behavioral approach to management theory focused on the workforce and their needs the human element of the organization. This approach emphasized work as a group drill and aimed at increasing work productivity through collaboration. Production Operations Management (POM) Approach The Production Operation Management Approach to management was developed in response to increasingly difficult operational problems and a rapidly changing environment. The concepts of the POM Approach were based on the belief that the scientific method was the solution to problem solving.Herbert Simon was a major contributor to the POM Approach. Herbert Simon is best known for his research in decision-making and information processing but also made contributions to cognitive psychology, computer science, public administration, philosophy of science, and artificial intelligenc e (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 29). Simon coined the term satisficing which was based on the belief that executives rarely had access to perfect information. They were more clever to accept data acquired early in a search and seek solutions or accept choices that are deemed good enough for their purposes.He believed that seeking the maximal solution or result expended resources. Production operations management stresses a systems approach that views the total operating system and analyzes a problem within that system. The problem is seen to exist as it relates to the total system, and any proposed solution is evaluated as it relates to the same system (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 30). The POM approach focused more on production and less on the human factor. Contingency Approach The contingency approach to management is the most recent school of thought about management.It combines the ideas of the other three approaches and states that there is no one universal set of management prin ciples or one best way by which to manage an organization. This approach is based on the belief that to effective, planning, organizing, leading and controlling must be contingent on the circumstances in which an organization operates. Different problems require different solutions. This approach arose out of the observation that the three earlier approaches to managementthe classical, the behavioral, and productions operations researchdid not always lead to an acceptable solution (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 1). The contingency approach applies to all areas of management, not save organizing and leading. This approach takes into consideration both the internal and external environments of the organization. Conclusion The foundations of the various approaches to schools of management theory are found in a variety of disciplines, including economics, psychology, sociology, mathematics, philosophy, and industrial engineering.But management theory, even though it makes use of other sch olarly areas and the observations of the practicing manager, has emerged as a separate area of study since the 1940s (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 4). The thoughts and ideas of the classical school have been analyzed and developed over the years however the basic concepts are still in practice today. Relation to Work Environment I believe that the contingency approach to management is the most effective. The classical, the behavioral, and productions operations research approaches all are based on a universal approach, one best way, of management that applies the same techniques to every organization. As a manager I have come to realize that not all people and every mooring should be handled identically.I believe managerial decisions and actions are contingent upon a given situation. Managerial styles and techniques must vary according to the circumstances of the situation. To be effective, managers must determine which factors are relevant in what situation. I believe the most impor tant aspect of the contingency theory is that it accounts for the human factor. As the Dining serve Director at Miles Community College, I am required to make daily decisions concerning both my department and the organization as a whole.I believe that to be an effective manager it is necessary to evaluate each and every situation to come up with the appropriate decisions and actions. I understand that each and every situation is unique and requires a situational analysis. I also believe that every decision I make affects the organization therefore my decisions are based on the goals and values of the organization as a whole. I believe that the contingency theory best fits my management style.

They’re all wasted! Essay Example for Free

Theyre all wasted EssayTheyre all wasted proclaims The Whos Roger Daltrey in 1971s Baba ORiley, a song widely and mistakenly believed to be titled Teenage Wasteland because of the refrain. Putting an emphasis on all, this is a sweeping indictment the youth atomic number 18 all wasted, not just one group or in one way, but everywhere and in every faculty. Every potentialfor rebellion, discipline, pleasure, beliefhas been squandered. But The Who were faraway from the first to imagine this modern wasteland. T. S. Eliots poem, The Wasteland, provides a wide-ranging critique of modernity, while also modeling the aesthetics of the new epoch, that makes statements like The Whos comprehensible while building on established literary and social conventions. The historical context for Eliots poem derriere be divided into three major components. First, there is the literary tradition writ large, the collected textual productions of the world over the last several millennia.The Wastelan d makes reference to the Bible (20-3), Buddhism (173), Dante (62-5), Shakespeare (172), Greek calamity (218), and m either more sources the Norton Anthologys cup runneth over with footnotes. Second, there is English belles-lettres. It is more likely that Eliots peers would measure him against the immediate backdrop of national history, not least(prenominal) because education in excellence in English literature is also education of the excellence of English literature.Thus Eliot must be equal to demonstrate knowledge of Shakespeare and Marvell at the minimum, but also make an original contribution to the English literary tradition coming out of the nineteenth century. As in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Eliot addresses nineteenth century British Romanticism with modern inversions of the celebration of unadulterated disposition. In the opening paragraph we have a modernized parallel of Wordsworths A Beauteous Evening, Calm and Free Summer surprised us, coming over the Starn bergersee With a shower of rain we halt in the colonnade, And went on in sunlight, into the Hofgarten,And drank coffee, and talked for an hour. (8-11) The natural world is pleasing and comforting to humanity in this miniature. The surprise of rain does not seem to dampen the pot likker of the characters but rather, through the stop in the colonnade, causes them to pause and so appreciate the reappearance of the sunlight. The construction Summer surprised us gives the natural world and its seasons a kind of playful business office, as in the Romantic tradition. However, we cannot think of Eliot as remaining within the Romantic tradition despite his utilization of it as a literary option. The third vital context is the recently concluded innovation War I.Hence the agency of the natural world, insomuch as Eliot images such agency for literary purposes, is as ambivalent as human nature. The opening lines, also drawing on literary precedent in Chaucers Canterbury Tales, depict a less loving nature. April is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring daunt roots with spring rain. (1-4) The April showers that mother May flowers, to paraphrase Chaucer, bring a conflation of life and destruction instead of pilgrims. April is personified, as in Romanticism, but here it is so that it can be labelled cruel.Life is not an abstractly generative force since at least Sidneys Astrophel and Stella and Shakespeares Sonnets, English literature has had a rich tradition of sexual metaphorics, using phrases like Dull roots for phallic impotence and spring rain for ejaculatory procreation. But Eliot cannot simply celebrate this cycle of rebirth in the shadow of the muddy graves of World War I. The mixing / memory and desire recasts the common literary relationship between sex and death in a perverse light, since memory transgresses the sectionalization between the living and the dead, the present and the past.Memory exhumes w hat is past, does not allow it to die and rest in peace. This corpse is now also the object of desire. The cycle of death and rebirth has been stalled in modernity and in the vision of The Waste Land. Eliots poem both represents and partakes of this modern problem in fact, the necessity of participating in the forces of social infertility to represent it might be one of the most distinctively modern aspects that Eliot represents here. The broad scope of historical literature that he can draw on is the result of the British empire contacting and importing cultural products from around the globe.His knowledge of languages and availability of translations when necessary get on speak to world literature as a thoroughly modern phenomenon. The need to reject or critique prior traditions is also part of the modern awareness of the dialectical nature of history. Of course, this also marks (ironically) a point of continuity with Victorians like Baudelaire (67). The fragmented form of The Waste Land is part of this modern rejection of tradition, but to depict this atomization Eliot must also gather together multiple traditions.They are juxtaposed with each other but without a master narrative to organize them. To further drive the point home Eliot also uses non-standard grammar or spelling, or seemingly nonsense words and sounds O O O O O that Shakespeherian manducate (128). This ambiguity then contrasts with the grim and undecorated conversation circling, like Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants, around an abortion I cant process it, she said, pulling a long face, / Its them pills I took, to bring it off, she said (158-60).Stylistic innovation and rejection of stifling rules of art allow Eliot to create a radically new expression of the human experience, but in doing so he simultaneously duplicates the rootlessness and anomie he is seeking to overcome. The Waste Land articulates combatting notions of history, progress, and form that do not reach any conclusive r esolution in the poem or in its subsequent readings. With the aid of hindsight the critic can understand Eliots growing religious conservatism in subsequent works like Journey of the Magi. By trying to include every literary and theological mode, he winds up putting them all at a discount even if ones chosen credo is somewhat arbitrary it at least allows entrance into the myth of rebirth. The forces in tension in The Waste Land chart two continuing political alignments. The will or willingness to subscribe to any belief is most darkly visible in the rise of the Third Reich the willingness to subscribe to none is most visible in our inability to decisively pull up to the prevention of subsequent atrocities.Eliots poem provides a space for considering these questions without prejudicing the question through contemporary political affiliations. The political question can be momentarily set aside if we imagine, for the time being, that this is merely art for arts sake.Works CitedEliot, T. S. The Wasteland. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M. H. Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt. New York W. W. Norton and Co. , 2000. 236

Dance, Girl, Dance Essay Example for Free

Dance, Girl, Dance EssayDance, Girl, Dance is a film from the Classical Hollywood period that presents a complicated education when viewed through a feminist lens. The 1940 film was directed by Dorothy Arzner, one of the most notable fe staminate directors and the only prominent woman in Hollywood at that time. Arzner presents her audience with an array of female characters, the main characters being Judy Obrien and Bubbles/Tiger Lily White. Judy is a dedicated dancer, honing her talents as a ballerina. Bubbles, on the other hand, uses her looks and sex activity to land jobs as a burlesque dancer. Dance, Girl, Dance reveals these characters experience in a dance troupe with several other girls. When the troupe disbands, Bubbles comes to offer Judy a humiliating job as her stooge. As tensions rise, the two eventually come to blows, quite literally, when both fall for the same man, esteem Harris. Through their relationship with each other and with men, a dynamic is defined that gives insight into the power of the male gaze and sexual politics, not only in the film but likewise in society at large in the context of 1930s America.This can be seen in the analysis of a particular aspect come out the beginning of the film. Judy and one of her roommates, Sally, are preparing for bed after their performance at the nightclub in the opening scene. Bubbles, their third roommate, arrives at home after a disappointing outing with Jimmy. This scene specifically highlights the contrast between the personalities of Judy and Bubbles, and speaks to the many ways female characters are coded based on their sexuality and appearance. The analysis of the scene begins at the moment Bubbles enters the room.She comes into the frame through the doorway in a mass medium shot. It is important to note her costume, as it speaks to her character. She is wearing makeup, jewelry, a fox fur stole around her shoulders and a fea in that respectd hat. One may get the impression that she is trying to look as glamorous or ostentatious as possible on her limited budget. At this point, Bubbles has already been partly established as a brash woman who does not shy away from her expertness to attract men. This can be contrasted with Judys costume during this scene, modest button-up pajamas. The scene continues as Bubbles enters the tiny apartment.She turns on the light, when Judy whispers that Sally is asleep from off television camera. Bubbles leaves the light on, looks chain reactor at Sally in the bed, and proceeds to loudly close the door while muttering So, what? As she delivers her dialogue, the camera follows her as she walks to her bed, panning over to include Judy in a two shot. One key element in this simple interaction is the difference of attitude toward female solidarity between Bubbles and Judy. Judy obviously cares to not impact Sally, while Bubbles seems disappointed and only concerned with her own problems at this point.Then, the camera cuts to a clo se shot of Sally lying in bed, smiling and intelligibly awake. She then closes her eyes and continues to try and sleep, rendering her unimportant to the rest of the scene. The next cut brings us back to a long, two shot of Bubbles and Judy as they treat what happened to Bubbles that evening. Bubbles is explaining how she had gone out with Jimmy, but he suddenly left her at the bar after giving her a little stuffed bull. In this shot, Bubbles is in the foreground, a little closer to the camera than Judy, making her appear slightly larger.This could be interpreted as signifying her social dominance over Judy, and the fact that she stole Jimmy from Judy earlier that evening. Bubbles dismissively tosses the bull onto a chair in front of Judy. Judy picks it up, stating Its cute. Bubbles tells her that she can have it. The audience is clearly meant to get the impression that the token of the night has no significance to Bubbles, and she is merely disappointed that she could not add Jim my to her list of men to dote on her occasionally.The camera stays stationary as Bubble walks to the background of the shot and sits on her bed. Judy gently places the bull back on the chair, already showing signs of her eventual fetishization of the bull and Jimmy. Then, she continues to bend and stretch her legs, as Bubbles pouts behind her. It is interesting to point out that as Judy resumes her exercises, she has gained the high ground of the shot. The reminder of her status as a dancer, a more artful and talented dancer than Bubbles, means she is the larger, more significant character in the frame now.The focus has moved from Bubbles proficiency as a female spectacle, completely at home under the male gaze, to Judys proficiency as a ballerina, with no real concern for superficial male attention. Then, this is reinforced when there is a cut to a medium shot of Bubbles, looking at Judy. The camera follows Bubbles line of sight and there is a quick cut to a medium shot of Judy, t hen it reverses back to the shot of Bubbles on her bed, shaking her head. She says, Ill say one thing for you, Pavlova.Youve certainly got ambition, even if its dumb. As she says this, Judys foot briefly enters from the side of the frame as she kicks her leg. Once again, Bubbles is coded as having no passion for her craft as a dancer, seeing it as a means to an end of attracting men and/or making money, while Judy genuinely loves to dance. One way of reading the film is through the suggestion that Judys ballet is high art, while Bubbles burlesque is low art. In the world of the Dance, Girl, Dance, women utilizing their sexuality for physical and financial gratification given by men is deemed less precious than artistic demonstration.What follows is a short series of counter shots between the two, as Bubbles ponders how she will get back to New York, going through her list of male suitors to find a solution to her dilemma. On a surface level, this shows that Bubbles needs men to g et where she is going, whether it is for a catch to New York or a trip to stardom as they buy tickets to her shows later in the film. The scene comes to a close as Bubbles decides on Sam, the traveling salesman that is sweet on her. As this line is delivered, there is a quick cut to Judy whipping her head around to look back at Bubbles. Judy has an expression on her face that is hard to describe, but it gets crosswise the fact that her human beings is very different from that of Bubbles. Judy goes on to ask if there will be room for Sally, as the camera tracks Bubbles while she walks to the bathroom. As the camera stops tracking, it stops in a medium shot of Bubbles as she eventually replies, All right, she can go, but dont blame me.That guy ropes got more arms than an octopus. There is a cut to a close shot of Sally in bed with a wide-eyed, nervous expression as she quickly lifts up her head and plops back down. Like Judy, her reality is very different from the reality of the d ynamic Bubbles, and the possibility of encountering a man from that reality seems to frighten her. After the last cut of the scene, it ends on a medium shot of Judy picking up the stuffed bull once again and smiling at it fondly.This emphasizes the fact Judy is not asexual and clearly is developing feelings for Jimmy. Although, Judy seems to have a more deep, emotional connection to Jimmy than Bubbles has for her various men. Judy only became interested in Jimmy after he helped the girls at the nightclub and talked with her earlier in the film. Her interest is not based solely on what he can impart to her. The differences in costume, behavior and motivation between Bubbles and Judy are relevant to a larger scope of the film involving sex and gender politics.For all of the above reasons base in the formal elements of the films visual and narrative composition, Bubbles is coded as superficial, purely physical and vapid. On the other hand, Judy is given much more rank and depth. Whi le Bubbles goes on to find success by exploiting her good looks, Judy is the winner in the end, when she lands her position in the ballet company and achieves her dreams. In this way, the film is direct a message that female self-worth is not derived from male approval or reaffirming of beauty, but from accomplishment of what are considered to be more substantial goals.